摘要:

AbstractSerum samples from 316 patients visiting the Dutch National Hemophilia Center were collected from 1979 to 1993 and stored at −30°C. Patients were placed into three different groups: (1) patients ever treated with large pool non‐hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐safe concentrate (n=179); (2) patients treated with cryoprecipitate (n = 125); and (3) patients treated exclusively with HCV‐save concentrate (n=12). In order to examine the prevalence of HCV infection in the different treatment groups serum samples were tested retrospectively for anti‐HCV antibody using second generation enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA‐2). Significant differences in the prevalence of HCV infection were found between these 3 groups (group 1: 99%, group 2: 66%, group 3: 0%). The safety of currently administered clotting products is demonstrated in 57 patients who remained without HCV markers between 1989 and 1993. To examine the natural course of HCV infection fresh‐frozen plasma samples were obtained recently from a subgroup of 277 hemophilia patients for HCV‐RNA detection by a well‐validated cDNA‐PCR assay. In contrast to other reports, no evidence was found for seronegative HCV carriers. None of 52 patients without anti‐HCV had detectable HCV‐RNA. Of 225 patients with anti‐HCV, 182 (81%) were HCV‐RNA positive. None of 39 anti‐HCV positive patients with a negative HCV‐RNA reaction had serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels above 50 U/l, whereas 44% of HCV‐RNA positive patients had persistently elevated ALT levels above 50 U/l. These results indicate that 20% of hemophilia patients who have been infected with HCV in the past eliminated the virus or have viral replication below the detection limit of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) without biochemical evidence of

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890450302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction from the sera of a patient with acute hepatitis and a patient with chronic hepatitis. Both patients were negative for serum hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B core antibodies and had been previously diagnosed as non‐A, non‐B, non‐C, non‐D, non‐E hepatitis. The nucleotide sequence revealed an 8‐nucleotide deletion in the X‐gene coding region creating a C‐terminally truncated X protein, and probable mutation of the enhancer 11/core promoter element. In addition, DR2 showed a T‐to‐C mutation at the extreme 5′‐terminus. These mutations within the X‐gene coding region must suppress replication and expression of HBV DNA, and this seems to be responsible for absence of serological markers despite the presence of HBV infecti

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890450303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe full length hepatitis C virus (HCV) core gene was isolated from a Newcastle strain and expressed inE. coll.A truncated HCV core gene which lacks the hydrophobic carboxyl‐terminal sequence was also expressed. The truncated HCV core was expressed at higher levels with fewer cleavage products. Antibody reactivity to the recombinant HCV core antigen was analysed by ELISA and Western blotting in 60 HCV antibody‐positive patients with a broad spectrum of liver disease. There was no significant difference between the presence of IgG to recombinant HCV core and reactivity to the core antigen in the RIBA‐2 test. There was also no significant difference between the presence of IgG to recombinant core and diagnostic PCR as a marker for active liver inflammation. © 1995 Wiley‐L

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890450304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGenomic polymorphism of 307 epidemiologi‐cally unrelated strains of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV‐2) from four areas of Japan and three other countries (Korea, Sweden and the U.S.A.) was analysed by using 16 variable markers selected from 97 restriction endonuclease (RE) sites with five REs. In addition to the 16 markers, 26 rare variable RE sites were found in 307 isolates. Five and four of 16 markers (RE sites) were found to differ in the frequency of isolates with the markers between isolates from Japan and Sweden and between those from Japan and the U.S.A., respectively, suggesting that they are genomically different from each other. In this manner, 307 HSV‐2 isolates from four countries could be classified into 68 different genotypes (no. of isolates/no, of genotypes = 4.5). Some isolates from one country or more than two countries at times were classified into the same genotypes, which were referred to as predominant genotypes. The most predominant genotypes for isolates from Japan, Sweden and the U.S.A. were genotypes 30, 26 (32) and 3, respectively, indicating that they are different by the country. In genotypes 1 and 6, the frequency of isolates was found to be significantly different between Japan and Sweden and between Japan and the U.S.A., respectively. Nine out of 16 markers differed in the most genomically distant isolates, each of which was obtained in Sweden and Japan. In addition, high correlation coefficients (r) in the Japanese isolates were detected in different pairs of markers from those in the Swedish isolates, suggesting that isolates from these two countries are evolutionary distant. © 1995 Wiley‐L

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890450305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAnalysis of the amino acid sequences of the non‐structural region 3 (NS3) of the hepatitis C virus type 1 revealed four points with a high average hydrophilicity (Ah). Two of these potential anti‐genie sites were expressed in E.coli asshort fragments. The first fragment of 91 residues (NS3f3: residues 1359–1449) harbors the hexapeptide K‐K‐K‐C‐D‐E with an Ah of 2.33; the second fragment is 73 residues long (NS3f4: residues 1460–1532) and encompasses the hep‐tapeptide R‐S‐N‐R‐R‐G‐R with an Ah of 1.79. Both fragments were expressed with truncated hepatitis B core (tHBc) as a carrier protein. The fusion proteins were purified from the bacterial lysates by affinity chromatography on immobilized monoclonal antibodies against HBc, and evaluated as antigens in an enzyme immunoassay for the detection of HCV antibodies. In a specificity control panel, reactivity with NS3f3 was only found in proven HCV carriers, while reactivity with NS3f4 was weak in HCV carriers but accounted for some of the nonspecific serological reactions. In a group of 48 genotyped HCV‐in‐fected volunteer blood donors, antibodies against NS3f3 were detected in 90% (27/30) of HCV‐type 1 infections and in all HCV‐type 4 infections (5/5). However, in carriers infected with HCV‐types 2, 3, or 5, the response rate was on average only 23% (3/13). With NS3f4 as antigen, weak antibody titers were found in only about half of the carriers, independent of the infectious genotype. In a cohort of hemodialysis patients, all infected with HCV‐type 1b, NS3f3 antibodies were detected in 80% (16/20) of the carriers, while only one patient showed a weak NS3f4 reactivity. It is concluded that NS3f3 harbors an immunodominant domain of the NS3 region showing an apparently HCV‐type‐depende

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890450306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA viral isolate obtained from peripheral blood lymphocytes of an infant with a nonspecific febrile syndrome was identified as human herpes‐virus 7 (HHV‐7) on the basis of PCR analysis of its DMA with one set of primers specific for HHV‐7. The correlation of HHV‐7 with the febrile episode affecting the infant is suggested. © 1995 Wiley

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890450307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of α‐interferon on the hepatitis C genotypes was examined in 25 anti‐HCV‐positive hemophilic patients. The rate of multiple HCV genotypes in patients who are likely to have mixed infections was also studied. Pretreatment results showed that 3/25 (12%) patients had a change in genotypes, whereas posttreatment this rose to 10/25 (40%). Seven of 10 (70%) patients who showed a change in genotype had a clinical response to α‐interferon. Six of 25 (24%) patients showed a complete clinical response to α‐interferon, and the majority of these were either type 2 or 3. This study supports previous evidence that type 1 is less likely to respond to α‐interferon, and that a‐interferon may alter the concentrations of the various circulating genotypes present in multiply‐infected patients. There are many difficulties in studying hepatitis C in hemophilic patients due to the sequence heterogeneity within each individual, and this study has shown that no ideal method exists as yet for looking at HCV genotypes in multiply‐infected individuals.

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890450308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSelf‐limited involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is a relatively common complication of primary infection with human herpesvirus six (HHV‐6) in normal children. We describe an HIV‐infected infant who developed fulminant encephalitis as a complication of HHV‐6 infection. Immunohistochemical staining of CNS tissue demonstrated productive infection of all CNS cell‐types. Analysis of the infected brain tissue by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed the presence of a dense HHV‐6 infection in the tissue, and demonstrated that the virus present in the CNS tissue was predominantly the A variant of HHV‐6. This is the first demonstration of invasive tissue disease caused by HHV‐6 in an HIV‐infected infant. © 19

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890450309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe value of biotinylated Oligonucleotide probes for screening and typing by in situ hybridization of the most frequent genital human papillomavirus infections (HPVs 6,11,16,18, 31, and 33) was assessed. Optimal hybridization conditions were defined on a panel of paraffin‐embedded tissue sections previously characterized with HPV full genome probes. Mixtures of oligonucleotides rather than single oligonucleotides were used to improve sensitivity and specificity. All HPV‐positive specimens were detected by the screening mixture with a sensitivity and specificity similar to that of full genome probes. Typing mixtures were highly specific for each HPV type. This study confirms the potential of Oligonucleotide probes for detecting and typing HPV infections. © 1995 Wiley‐Lis

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890450310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe epitope recognized by the monoclonal antibody MA18/7, specific for the PreS1‐domain of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen, has been defined precisely by means of a library of fusionphage carrying random hexapeptides on the tip of filamentous phage fd particles. Phage, isolated after only one round of affinity selection, displayed hexapeptides showing strong conservation of the PreSl primary sequence in the region 19–23 with three noncontiguous residues, DP (20 and 21) and F (23) appearing in phage that bound the antibody. The importance of these core residues was supported by comparing the antibody binding of individual phage in solution, which provided relative dissociation constants for these interactions. Replacement of F (23) by Y was the only substitution observed in the three core residues, and resulted in somewhat weaker binding. Synthetic tetra‐ and hexapeptides containing these key residues inhibited the reaction between the phage and the antibody. © 1995 Wiley‐L

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890450311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY