摘要:

AbstractForty‐seven patients with cervical carcinoma were examined in order to correlate human papillomavirus (HPV) types with prognostic factors in invasive cervical neoplasias. Age, clinical stage, histological type, and grade and parity were analysed with respect to HPV status as determined by a general primer mediated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or a type specific PCR. All but one sample (98%) harboured HPV sequences: HPV 16 was found in 26 cases (55%), HPV 18 in 19 cases (40%0), and HPV 31 in 1 case. The presence of HPV 18 DNA was significantly associated with cancers developed below 40 years of age (P = 0.029). HPV 18 detection was associated with poor differentiation malignancy (P = 0.045) and histological types of poor prognosis (adenocarcinoma or nondifferentiated carcinoma; P = 0.006). HPV 18 positivity was also correlated with advanced clinical stages (FIG0 II and III; P = 0.032). Parity and HPV status proved to be independent of each other (P – 0.99). Eighty‐seven percent (27/31) of pelvic lymph nodes from HPV positive patients contained HPV DNA. The virus types found in lymph nodes were identical with those of the primary tumours in all cases. Virological results were compared to those obtained by routine histological examination. Only 6 of 27 patients with HPV positive lymph nodes had any histological evidence of metastasis. Nevertheless, the lack of metastasis as detected by histology does not exclude the possibility of relapses. Follow‐up of the clinical course of the disease is required to assess the prognostic significance of PCR detection of HPV in the possible sites of early metastases. © 1995 Wiley

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890460102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNucleotide sequences of the hypervariable region of hepatitis C virus genomes obtained from plasma change rapidly during the course of in fection and are believed to play a part in immunological escape and consequently in the development of persistent infection. It is not known, however, whether these changes also occur in the liver. To clarify this aspect, RNA was extracted from the plasma and liver tissue of eight patients with chronic hepatitis C. After cDNA synthesis, DNA fragments that included the hypervariable region were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. Consensus nucleotide sequences were determined directly from the polymerase chain reaction products by the dideoxy chain termination method. The diversity of the hypervariable region was analyzed further by the polymerase chain reaction‐single strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Consensus nucleotide sequences of the hypervariable region were identical between the plasma and the liver in each patient. The polymerase chain reaction‐single strand conformation polymorphism analysis showed multiple DNA bands that represented different hypervariable region sequences. Comparison of the single strand conformation polymorphism patterns revealed that the number, the mobility, and the density of bands were the same between the plasma and the liver. It is concluded that the population and the diversity of hepatitis C virus quasispecies as detected by the hypervariable region sequence are the same between the plasma and the liver despite rapid mutations, indicating that rapid changes in the population of hepatitis C virus quasispecies also occur in the liver. © 1995 Wiley‐Lis

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890460103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFor assessing the role of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in chronic hepatitis C, the relative frequency of CIC was determined in 54 patients with chronic hepatitis C, 15 asymptomatic hepatitis C virus (HCV) carriers, and 54 healthy controls. IgM and IgG containing CIC were studied using both Clq and conglutinin (K) in an immunoglobulin‐specific solid‐phase enzyme immunoassay. CIC were a common feature of chronic hepatitis C with 96.3% of patients with at least one abnormal test result. The prevalence of elevated IgG‐K, IgM‐K, IgG‐C1q, and IgM‐C1q CIC was 70.3%, 50.0%, 64.8%, and 35.1%, respectively. The prevalence of IgG class CIC was higher than IgM class CIC (P= 0.038 for K‐CIC andP= 0.01 for C1q‐CIC, respectively). There is correlation between IgG‐K CIC and IgG‐C1q CIC (r = 0.445,P= 0.0021, IgG‐K CIC and ISM‐Clq CIC (r = 0.348,P= 0.020). IgM‐K CIC and aspartic arninotransferase (r = 0.321,P= 0.015). IgM‐K CIC and alanine aminotransferase (r =0.301,P= 0.027). Compared to patients with chronic persistent hepatitis and chronic lobular hepatitis, patients with chronic active hepatitis have a higher prevalence of elevated IgG‐K CIC (77.2% vs. 40.0%,P= 0.029) and IgM‐K CIC (56.8% vs. 20.0%,P= 0.038). The concentration of IgG‐K, IgM‐K, and IgM‐C1q CIC in the former was significantly higher than that in the latter, respectively. In conclusion, IgG class CIC is the major type of CIC in chronic hepatitis C. Conglutinin‐binding CIC correlates with more severe tissue damage. CIC may play a role in the pathogenesis of chro

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890460104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThirty years of civil war in the Sudan have resulted in the isolation of the southern provinces which border Central and East Africa. Consequently, little is known about the epidemiology of HIV‐1 infection in this region. To estimate the prevalence of HIV‐1 infection in southern Sudan and the risk factors associated with disease transmission, a seroepidemiologic survey was conducted in the township of Juba. Study subjects invited to participate in this study included medical outpatients, inpatients hospitalized for active tuberculosis, and female prostitutes. A total of 401 subjects participated in the study. HIV‐1 infection was confirmed in 25 subjects. The prevalence of HIV‐1 infection was 19% (8/42) among tuberculosis patients, 16% (8/50) among prostitutes, and 3% (9/309) among outpatients. A significantly higher prevalence of HIV‐1 infection was found among female prostitutes when compared to female outpatients: 16% (8/50) vs. 2% (4/178),P<0.001. Correspondingly, the prevalence of seropositives was significantly higher among male outpatients reporting a history of sexual relations with prostitutes during the prior 10 years compared to male outpatients denying relations with prostitutes: 14% (5/37) vs. 0% (0/94),P= 0.001. A history of a sexually transmitted disease (STD) was also associated with HIV‐1 infection among male outpatients. The findings of this study indicate that HIV‐1 infection is highly prevalent in southern Sudan and that prostitutes and their sexual partners represent a major reservoir of HIV infection in this population. This epidemiologic pattern resembles that seen in the African nations neighboring southern Sudan. Further spread of HIV‐1 to northern Sudan could occur because of the movement of military personnel and refugees between the North and South of Sudan. © 1995

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890460105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is an acute respiratory illness with high mortality. It is caused by a newly described New World hantavirus known as Four Corners virus (FCV). Nearly all cases of HPS have occurred in the western United States. The etiologic agents in those cases have been closely related to each other, based upon comparisons of their genetic sequences. We have molecularly cloned the S genomic segment of a hantavirus (RI‐1) implicated in a case on HPS in the northeastern United States. Nucleotide sequence analysis shows that the RI‐1 virus has many similarities to FCV, but is clearly distinct from the western forms of that virus. These data suggest that HPS can be caused by multiple agents that together form a distinctive evolutionary cIade. © 1995 Wiley‐Lis

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890460106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractKakkon‐to is one of the representative traditional herb medicines (Kampo formulae) and has been used historically for the treatment of infectious diseases in China and Japan. The efficacy of this preparation was characterised using a cutaneous herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) infection in mice as a model for human viral infection. Kakkon‐to at a dose corresponding to human use reduced significantly the mortality of HSV‐1‐infected mice and localised skin lesions. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to HSV‐1 antigen was significantly stronger in treated mice than in untreated mice. However, no histopathological difference was noted in the skin lesions between treated and untreated mice except for the size of the lesions. Kakkon‐to did not inhibit the growth of HSV‐1 in vitro. Natural killer cell activity, natural cytotoxic killer cell activity, and the population of T‐cell subsets in spleen cells of infected mice were not affected by the drug. Kakkon‐to did not augment interferon induction and anti‐HSV‐1 antibody production, nor increased cytokine levels such as interleukin‐1α, interleukin‐2, interferon‐γ, and tumour necrosis factor‐α in sera of infected mice. Thus, Kakkon‐to induced strong DTH to HSV‐1 in infected mice, which may have caused localisation of skin lesions and reduction in the mortality o

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890460107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNumerous rodents were trapped for serologic and virologic studies following the identification of a hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) case in Dade County, Florida. Cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) were the most frequently captured rodent and displayed the highest seroprevalence to a variety of hantavirus antigens. Hantavirus genome RNA was detected in all the seropositive cotton rats tested, using a reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay. A virus was isolated from tissues of two seropositive cotton rats by cultivation of lung and spleen homogenates on Vero E6 cells. Nucleotide sequence information obtained by direct RT‐PCR and the serologic relationships of this virus with the other hantaviruses indicate that this virus, Black Creek Canal virus, represents a new hantavirus distinct from the previously known serotypes. © 1995 Wiley‐L

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890460108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety of an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine were assessed in anti‐HIV positive homosexual men. Fourteen anti‐HIV positive (group 1) and 20 anti‐HIV negative (group 2) men received vaccine (containing 720 ELISA units of hepatitis A antigen per dose) intramuscularly at 0, 1, and 6 months. Twelve unvaccinated anti‐HIV positive men (group 3) were included as controls to evaluate disease progression.Seroconversion (anti‐hepatitis V virus (HAV ⩾20 mlU/ml) was higher in group 2 than group 1 at months 2 (100% vs. 73%) and 7 (l00%vs. 77%). Group 2 had higher antibody titres than group 1 at months 1 (201 vs. 92 mlU/ml) and 7 (1, 687 vs. 636 mlU/ml). The decline in CD4+ cells between months 0 and 7 was similar in groups 1 and 3 (6.4% vs. 16.2%), showing no evidence for harmful effect of the vaccine on the course of HIV infection. This hepatitis A vaccine appears safe, well tolerated, but less immunogenic in HIV positive homosexual men. © 1995 Wil

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890460109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTen patients with chronic hepatitis C, six of whom had not responded and four of whom had responded in a non‐sustained fashion to interferon‐alpha treatment alone, were given interferon alpha‐2b and ribavirin in combination during 24 weeks. Interferon alpha‐2b was given subcutaneously, at a dose of 3 MU thrice weekly, together with ribavirin orally, at a dose of 1, 000‐1, 200 mg/day.All four patients with a prior non‐sustained response to interferon alone had normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels at the end of treatment as well as during follow‐up (⩾24 weeks post treatment). Furthermore, all four lost serum HCV‐RNA at the end of treatment and three continued to be negative during follow‐up. Among patients with a prior non‐response to interferon alone three of six had normal ALT levels at the end of treatment and one at follow‐up. Two of six became HCV‐RNA negative at cessation of treatment, one of whom was negative also at followup. All former non‐sustained responders and one of six non‐responder patients thus showed a sustained biochemical response with eradication of HCV‐RNA from serum in all cases but one.It is concluded that combination therapy with interferon alpha‐2b and ribavirin offers a chance of sustained biochemical resposne with eradication of the viremia in patients who have not shown a persistent response to interferon‐

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890460110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection amongst a group of intravenous drug users (IVDUs) resident in West Suffolk (East Anglia, England) was investigated and compared with the prevalence of infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In addition, both the level of HCV persistence, as defined by detection of viral RNA, and the HCV genotypes present in this population were determined. It was found that HCV antibodies were present in 59% of those tested; by comparison 22% had antibodies to HBV and 1% antibodies to HIV. HCV RNA was found in 44% of those with HCV antibody. HCV genotype 1 was the most prevalent within this population although both genotypes 2 and 3 were also represented. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, I

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890460111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY