摘要:

AbstractSerial assays for immunoglobulin M antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (IgM anti‐HBc) were performed in 51 patients with antibody to hepatitis B e antigen (anti‐HBe) in their sera. IgM anti‐HBc was detected periodically and persistently in 8 (53%) of 15 patients with chronic hepatitis whose serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) levels were elevated and was not detected in 36 patients with normal serum GPT levels. Antibody to delta agent was not detected in any of the patients. Of the eight patients positive for IgM anti‐HBc, four had a high titer of IgM anti‐HBc and either developed liver cirrhosis (three cases) or died due to massive hepatic necrosis (one case); the other four showed a low level of IgM anti‐HBc and either recovered (two cases) or developed chronic persistent hepatitis (two cases). Of seven patients negative for IgM anti‐Hbc, two had a fatty liver, and five, who had a history of blood transfusion, had chronic hepatitis. Thus, even though anti‐HBe may be present, if the titer of IgM anti‐HBc is high, the histological activity can be expected to increase, and the prognosis will be poor. If the titer of IgM anti‐HBc is low, the histological activity may be expected to decrease, and the prognosis may be good. In patients with abnormally high serum GPT but without IgM anti‐HBc, another type of hepatitis or a secondary form of liver disease

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890240302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this paper we report on the preliminary characterization of a mutant of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) selected for acycloguanosine (acyclovir, ACV) resistance in vitro. The ACVrvirus was examined for a series of parameters that include chemosensitivity assay, thymidine kinase (TK) activity, in vitro and in vivo growth, and mutation mapping. The data obtained indicate that a mutated TK gene is responsible for the ACVrphenotype. A distinctive feature of this mutant is the high level of resistance exhibited to ACV (100 μM) and the concomitant presence of a functional TK activity. Such a property makes this virus useful as a model for the study of viral resistance to nucleoside‐type analogues in

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890240303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSerum and liver tissue containing infective non‐A, non‐B hepatitis virus were shown to contain a retrovirus‐like agent that replicated when inoculated into chimpanzee liver cell cultures in vitro. The virus appeared to assemble its core particles in association with tubular structures reminiscent of those characteristically seen in non‐A, non‐B hepatitis virus‐infected chimpanzee liver in vivo, and produced syncytial cytopathic effects in a number of continuous and a primary mammalian liver cells.The agents were neutralized by acute and convalescent sera from human and chimpanzee cases of non‐A, non‐B hepatitis, as well as by antisera against simian spumavirus type 7, but not type 6. Aluminum chloride failed to abolish viral infectivity. There was no evidence of virus replication or hepatitis in chimpanzees inoculated with a seventh passage of one of the isolates. Thus the data suggest that the isolates are not causally related to non‐A, non‐B hepatitis, as was pr

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890240304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA commercially available monoclonal antibody against the 72000 Dalton early nuclear protein (EA) of cytomegalovirus (CMV) strain AD169 was used in an indirect immunofluorescence staining procedure (IF) for rapid detection of CMV‐infected cells in tissue cultures inoculated with clinical specimens (200 urines, 22 throat washings, 5 stools, 4 bronchoalveolar lavage fluids). The results obtained by this method were compared with those obtained by virus isolation with and without centrifugal enhancement of viral infectivity.In 66 (28.6%) of the 231 samples, CMV was detected by at least one of the methods used. Of 59 specimens producing CMV‐specific cytopathic effect (CPE) in tissue culture, 46 (78%) were also positive in the EA test 16 hours after inoculation. Seven CPE‐negative samples were, however, positive in the EA test. Five (38%) of the false negative EA test results were due to CMV strains that did not react with the monoclonal antibody

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890240305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe have monitored BK virus (BKV) antigen expression and multiplication in human monocytes and in a human macrophage (Mo)‐like cell line (U937) in the presence or absence of dilution series of human or rabbit anti‐BKV antisera.After infection with BKV alone, restricted expression (structural antigens and T‐antigen) and multiplication was recorded in monocytes from some donors, while in U937 cells and monocytes from other donors, no signs of viral activity were detected. Monocyte cultures established from the same donor at different times demonstrated antigen expression/multiplication on two occasions but not on the third.A pronounced enhancement of BKV expression/multiplication in human monocytes and multiplication in U937 cells was seen with some dilutions of all antisera (human and rabbit) used. The pattern of enhancement and the dilution resulting in maximum viral activity was constant and seemed to be determined by the serum, but the exact level of enhancement for a given serum differed considerably in monocytes from different donors and seemed to be determined by the cells. In the latter respect, monocytes taken from the same donor some weeks apart showed variations at the same level, as did cells from different donors. PMA (phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate) stimulation of monocytes and U937 cells resulted in stronger antibody enhancement in terms of infectivity, without affecting the number of monocytes showing antigen expression. No expression/multiplication of BKV was detected in the murine Mo‐like ce

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890240306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe conducted a seroepidemiologic study of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection among 9,928 Inuit (Eskimo), Dene (Indian) and non‐native inhabitants of the Northwest Territories (NWT) of Canada between April 1983 and March 1985. 4,184 inhabitants of Edmonton, a large predominantly white urban center served as controls. Sera were screened for antibody to CMV by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The prevalence rates of CMV antibody increased with age in all ethnic groups. By the age of two years 69.2 percent of Dene, 63.5 percent of Inuit, 33.3 percent of non‐native and 22.9 percent of Edmonton children had CMV antibody. Over the age of five years Inuit children had higher rates of CMV antibody than Dene children (P<.05) reflecting differences in infant adoption, breastfeeding practices and patterns of child care in the two native groups. By the age of 15 to 19 years 81.1 percent of Dene and 88.5 percent of Inuit women had CMV antibody compared to 48.8 percent of non‐native and 50.9 percent of Edmonton women (P<.05). Native children had higher prevalence rates than non‐native children living in the NWT (P<.05). Compared to similarly aged Edmonton residents, non‐native children in the NWT 2 to 4 years and 5 to 9 years of age had a higher prevalence of CMV antibody (P<.05). We observed a higher prevalence rate of CMV antibody among non‐native children (10‐14 years) and young women (15‐19 years) living in predominantly native communities compared to those living in predominantly non‐native communities in the NWT (P<.05). The seroprevalence in 60 non‐native female health care workers in the NWT was not significantly different from that seen in comparabl

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890240307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWestern blot and reflectance densitometry were used to evaluate the antibody response from patients treated with systemic acyclovir during their primary episodes of genital HSV‐2 infection. Of 39 patients studied, 10 received oral acyclovir, 10 received intravenous acyclovir, and 19 received placebo. Total antibody levels as well as levels of antibodies to individual HSV‐2 proteins (gB, gG, gC/gE, VP16, gD, and p45) were determined in convalescent phase sera. The median number of HSV‐2 proteins recognized and the total amount of HSV‐2 antibody were significantly lower in acyclovir than placebo treated patients (P≤ 0.01). Levels of antibodies to individual proteins were also lower in sera from acyclovir versus placebo treated patients: gB (P= 0.013), gC/gE (P= 0.017), VP16 (P= 0.001), gD (P= 0.009), and p45 (P= 0.015). Antibody response to gG‐92 and to a newly described gG species, gG‐70, was not significantly different among treatment groups. A low number of proteins recognized by convalescent serum antibodies were associated with a higher number of lesions at first recurrence (P= 0.02) and with a longer duration of the first recurrent episode (P= 0.02). Low levels of total antibody were associated with shorter times to first recurrence (P= 0.05). Low levels of antibody to VP16 (P= 0.05) and gD (P= 0.01) were associated with longer duration of the fir

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890240308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBetween March 1983 and December 1986, a total of 1571 stool specimens were collected from black South African infants and young children with acute gastroenteritis, and tested for the presence of rotavirus. Monoclonal antibodies against the major inner capsid protein were used in an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay to determine the subgroup specificity of the rotavirus isolates. Subgroup II rotaviruses occurred more frequently than subgroup I isolates (74.4% vs 12.3%), while 13.3% could not be typed and may indicate the presence of a third subgroup. Two of the subgroup I isolates had a long RNA profile (ie, faster moving gene segment 11) typical of the subgroup II human rotaviruses, and a single subgroup II strain had a short RNA profile possibly indicating an in vivo rotavirus reassortant.

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890240309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeveral clinical varicella‐zoster virus isolates obtained during testing of a live varicella vaccine had DNA restriction fragment patterns resembling neither vaccine nor wild‐type virus [Gelb et al., J Infect. Dis.155, 633–640, 1987]. One explanation for these isolates was recombination in vivo. To determine if such recombination is likely, two strains of varicella‐zoster virus, distinguishable by restriction endonuclease fragment size differences (wild‐type strain EF and the OKA vaccine strain), were grown together in tissue culture. After three passages, the mixed infection virus was plaque‐purified. DNA from about 13% of the plaque‐purified isolates had one or moreBglI fragments found in neither parental virus. Hybridization studies showed that isolates containing one of the newBglI fragments were recombinants of the two parental strains. TheBglI restriction fragment pattern of these recombinants resembled those of the unusual varicella isolates from individuals either vaccinated with the live attenuated OKA varicella vaccine and later exposed to natural varicella, or simultaneously exposed to both a recent recipient of the vaccine and natu

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890240310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe significance of IgM and IgG class antibodies to hepatitis B virus (HBV) core component (anti‐HBc) was investigated in a study of maternal‐fetal HBV transmission. An IgM anti‐HBc response was lacking in the majority (49/53) of HBV‐infected infants. This antibody thus cannot be used as an indicator of transplacental infection. However, most infants who became HBsAg positive during the first 6 months of life acquire infection in the perinatal period rather than transplacentally. Passively transferred maternal IgG anti‐HBc in the infant and additional IgM anti‐HBc positively in the carrier mother have no modulating influence on HBV infection of infants born to HBV ca

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890240311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY