摘要:

AbstractThe hemolysis‐in‐gel (HIG) technique was adapted for rubella antibody determinations. Use of sucrose gradient purified virus and its coupling with CrCl3to chicken erythrocytes resulted in gel plates that could be stored for several weeks and were suitable for reproducible antibody determinations. In a serological survey of young healthy adults the HIG values (range>2–13 mm) were in close correlation to those obtained by the HI test (>10 to 320). The HIG test seems well suited for screening the need of vaccination. Seronegative sera (HIG>2, HI>10) gave without heat inactivation hemolysis zones ranging from 4 to 6.5 mm. Although the present rubella HIG test did not measure IgM antibodies, the test, by virtue of its accuracy and sensitivity — extending to antibody levels corresponding to HI titers 2–10 — provides a simpler and more rapid means for diagnosis of rubella infections than the conventional HI a

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890030402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNon‐A, non‐B viral hepatitis was transmitted to four colony‐born chimpanzees by infusion of three lots of antihemophilic factor (factor VIII) implicated in the transmission of non‐A, non‐B hepatitis to two human recipients. All four inoculated animals showed histopathological evidence of viral hepatitis, and all demonstrated significant ALT elevations between three and seven and one‐half weeks after inoculation. Acute‐phase plasma from one of the infected chimpanzees (no. 771) was shown to induce non‐A, non‐B hepatitis in two other chimpanzees approximately three weeks after their inoculation. In addition, an acute‐phase open liver wedge biopsy obtained from animal no. 771 was processed and examined by immune electron microscopy (IEM) for virus‐like particles with convalescent serum from a serologically confirmed case of non‐A, non‐B hepatitis. Twenty‐five to 30 nm (mean = 27 nm) diameter viruslike particles that were either “full” or “empty” were identified in this liver preparation by IEM. Two additional chimpanzees inoculated with a cesium chloride gradient fraction of an isopycnically banded liver homogenate (animal no. no. 771) also developed elevated ALT activity two to two and one‐half weeks later. Our findings have experimentally verified that commercially produced factor VIII materials can induce non‐A, non‐B hepatitis in chimpanzees and that the disease can be subpassaged in these animals by inoculation of either acute‐phase plasma or liver. These results also provide evidence for the association of 27 nm‐diameter virus‐l

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890030403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMultinucleate giant cells have been observed to arise by cell fusion in cultures of human embryonic fibroblasts infected with human cytomegalovirus (CMV), strain AD 169. The infected cells developed intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions and began to fuse three to four days postinfection when the majority of the cells were showing signs of a cytopathic effect.

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890030404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe results of a pilot study on the prevalence of anti‐HBc in HBsAg negative volunteer blood donors are presented.Two techniques for anti‐HBc determination were compared — radio—immunoassay (RIA) and indirect immunofluorescence (IF). In a panel of 56 sera with known HBV markers, RIA was found to be significantly more sensitive than IF, and both techniques were specific. Out of 2,000 HBsAg negative blood donor sera tested by RIA,46 (2.3%) were found positive for anti‐HBc. In 24/24 sera, the specificity of the anti‐HBc was confirmed. Also 37/46 (80.4%) anti‐HBc positives were found positive for anti‐HBs, leaving 9/2, OOC (0.4%) blood donors positive only for anti‐HBc.It is concluded that it would be premature to advocate the introduction of anti‐HBc as a routine screening t

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890030405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA solid‐phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) has been developed for the detection of human rotavirus‐specific IgA, IgG, and IgM antibodies. Nebraska calf diarrhea virus grown in LLC‐MK2 cell cultures in the presence of trypsin was directly adsorbed onto polystyrene balls, and antibodies that attached to the virus‐coated balls were detected by subsequent binding of125I‐labeled antibodies specific to human alpha, gamma or mu chains of human IgA, IgG, or IgM immunoglobulins. A total of 116 serum specimens from 58 adult patients were tested. Binding ratios between the positive and the negative serum varied between 5 and 15, occasionally being 20 or more in the IgA and IgG assays, but rarely exceeding 3 in the IgM assay. The RIA was found to be more sensitive in detecting antibodies to rotavirus than the complement fixation (CF) test, the RIA titers obtained being 50–100 times as high as the CF titers. The method described offers a possibility of evaluating the immune response to human rotavirus and of detecting recen

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890030406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractECHOvirus 33 isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with agammaglobulinemia was shown to replicate in vitro in peripheral leukocyte suspensions from a normal antibody negative donor. Replication was demonstrated by use of sequential dilution experiments. Washed glass adherent mononuclear cell cultures from a normal antibody negative donor were also capable of supporting ECHOvirus 33 replication in vitro. Leukocyte suspensions from the infected agammaglobulinemic patient extinguished detectable infectious virus in vitro.

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890030407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe susceptibility and sensitivity of Aedes albopictus cell cultures to five different primary and four different low‐passage arboviruses were tested. Yellow fever, West Nile, Ilesha, eastern equine encephalitis, and Flanders viruses replicated in A albopictus tissue cultures. Replication was determined by the ability of selected tissue culture fluids to infect suckling mice, and by recovery from tissue culture fluid of progressively increasing amounts of complementfixing (CF) antigen with time. Virus persistence was demonstrated with Nodamura, western equine encephalitis, and Mayaro viruses, but multiplication was not proven; neither persistence nor multiplication was demonstrated with a Kemerovo group virus. When yellow fever and Ilesha viruses were simultaneously inoculated into A albopictus culture, CF antigen for each was consistently detected. In a more detailed comparative study of field specimens, 12 unpassaged strains of yellow fever virus were tested for infectivity in A albopictus tissue culture, Vero cells, and baby mice. Higher titers of virus were detected (0.8–2.3 log ID50per ml) in Vero cell culture than in A albopictus tissue culture or baby mouse systems. These results suggest the feasibility of using A albopictus cells in association with the primary isolation of arboviru

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890030408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInfantile gastroenteritis can be caused by several of the established adenovirus types. There are also adenoviruses that defy in vitro cultivation but have been recognized by electron microscopy. One isolate of these viruses, which have been designated enteric adenoviruses, has been characterized.Several of the established adenovirus types are shed in stools over long periods. The conditions for direct identification of enteric adenoviruses by immunoelectroosmophoresis (IEOP) have therefore been evaluated. Application of this technique requires highly specific reagents. However, a high prevalence of antibodies in rabbits reacting with human rotavirus was noted. For these reasons, immunoadsorbent purified antibodies were prepared. Because of the difficulty in purifying immunogens from stools, an immunization procedure characterized by immunization with adenovirus subunits bound to affinity chromatography beads was elaborated.An identification procedure for adenoviruses causing infantile gastroenteritis based a) on IEOP using group‐specific and monospecific antibodies and b) on the determination of the in vitro cultivatability is suggeste

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890030409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSerum antibodies against human coronavirus OC43 in different age groups were measured by complement fixation (CF), haemagglutination inhibition (HI), radial diffusion haemolysis‐in‐gel (HIG), and solid‐phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) methods. Antigen grown in suckling mouse brain was used in all tests. Results obtained by the CF and HIG tests, and the RIA, were in good agreement with regard to the presence or absence of antibodies. Similar results were also obtained with the HI test if nonspecific haemagglutination inhibitors were first removed by treatment with phospholipase C and only titers of 1:20 or greater were considered positive.Children 6–23 months of age (n = 45) were without measurable coronavirus antibodies in all four assays. A rapid increase in the prevalence of antibodies then occurred in subsequent age groups, and practically all persons 6 years of age or older were found to have OC43 antibodies as measured by the HIG test or the RIA. The mean antibody levels determined by these two methods continued to increase, however, up to the age group of 10–14 years. This increase in antibody levels after the initial antibody incidence plateau may be due to boosting effects caused by related coronavirus strains, since OC43 antigens are known to cross‐react with antibodies induced by other human coronaviruses. Taken together, these data suggest that OC43 virus, or an antigenically related coronavirus strain, is very common

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890030410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890030411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY