摘要:

AbstractWe report the development of three rapid, fully automated immunoassays allowing the differential diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis. These assays detect HBsAg, IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (IgM anti‐HBc) and IgM antibody to hepatitis A virus (IgM anti‐HAV) using the IMx® instrument system. All IMx assays were run in less than 45 minutes and all steps were fully automated including specimen dilution steps. Specimens from blood donors, diagnostic and hospital patients, and individuals with a variety of infectious and immune diseases were tested for IgM anti‐HAV (n = 1473) or for IgM anti‐HBc (n = 1606) or for HBsAg (n = 9700) by the IMx and commercially available EIA and RIA. Each IMx assay showed 99.8% agreement with current EIA. Reproducibility in all hepatitis IMx assays was significantly better than that observed with manual or semi auto mated assays; within‐run and between‐run % CV ranged from 2.2 to 4.8 and 3.5 to 10.3 respectively. In 29 acute hepatitis B patients studied, HBsAg and IgM anti‐HBc were detected in the first available patient bleed collected from 0 to 4 weeks from the onset of symptoms. IgM anti‐HBc persisted at reactive levels in the IMx assay for 1 to 24 weeks (mean 12.1 ± 5.3 weeks) after the patient presented with symptoms. In individuals exposed to hepatitis A, IgM anti‐HAV was detectable by IMx by 40 days post exposure (average 33.5 days) and IgM had declined to unreactive levels in IMx for all patients by from 3 to 6 months post exposure. These data demonstrate the use of these rapid IMx assays for differentiation of acut

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890330302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPatients with chronic fatigue syndrome were compared to healthy seropositive control subjects in an open study and a case‐control study analyzing spontaneous transformation rates of peripheral blood lymphocytes, EBV viral genome characteristics as determined by DNA restriction fragment polymorphisms, and antibody production by Western blot analysis. Thirty percent of patients versus 8% of control subjects underwent spontaneous transformation in the two studies. Viral genome patterns were overall similar to one another, with polymorphisms frequently present in BamHI B′, K, H, and Y fragments. Only one line was found with the EBNA‐2B genotype. Nineteen lines were found to contain viral DNA in the linear form suggesting active lytic replication. Western blot studies suggested that ill subjects made antibodies to lytic proteins more frequently than did healthy control subjects. Lack of control of EBV outgrowth in vitro is correlated with antibody evidence of active infection in vivo in some patients with chronic fatigue syn

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890330303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA group of 108 healthy men aged 18 to 23 years underwent penoscopy after application of acetic acid. In 39 (37%) aceto‐white lesions were found and a biopsy was taken. From 105 patients a urethra sample was collected with a brush. The prevalence of HPV‐DNA by dot‐blot and Southern‐blot hybridizations (DBH/SBH) and poly‐merase chain reaction (PCR) as well as the correlation between results from urethra samples and penile aceto‐white epithelium were examined. In urethra, HPV‐DNA was detected in four of the 66 patients (6%) with normal epithelium and in three of the 39 (8%) with aceto‐white epithelium by using DBH/SBH. By PCR the corresponding findings were eight (12%) and 10 (26%) HPV‐DNA‐positive patients, respectively. Out of the 39 biopsy samples HPV‐DNA was detected in six (15%) by DBH/SBH and in 17 (44%) by PCR. Twenty‐two (56%) of the patients with aceto‐white lesions were by PCR positive in either the urethra sample or biopsy. All samples positive by DBH/SBH were also positive by PCR except for one biopsy with HPV 35, a type not tested for by PCR. HPV 11 was the most common finding in urethra and HPV 6 and 16

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890330304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDegenerate oligonucleotide primers were designed for in vitro amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of a relatively well‐conserved portion of the L1 capsid protein gene of genital human papillomaviruses, A specific 441 bp fragment was amplified by PCR from genomic clones and clinical biopsy specimens containing DNAfrom HPV types6,11,16,18,31, and 33, as well as from a number of other clinical specimens known to contain unclassified HPV isolates. As some HPV non‐specific DNA was also often amplified, another set of degenerate primers was designed which amplified a 335 bp sequence contained within the 441 bp sequence. These nested primers could be used in a two‐stage PCR reaction to obtain distinct HPV‐spe‐cific DNA fragments suitable for direct sequencing. Two‐stage PCR was used to demonstrate the presence of HPV DNA in 13 out of 16 biopsies, which had been classified histologically as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), but which were negative for HPV on Southern blot hybridization. Seven of these amplification products were sequenced, and one proved to be a previously unsequenced HPV type. The results have important implications for the routine detection and typing of genital and other HPV types in clini

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890330305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSera from 50 orthotopic liver transplant recipients were examined for antibodies to human herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and the findings correlated with the clinical condition of the patients. Both primary and secondary HHV‐6 infections were detected sero‐logically following liver transplantation. Interpretation of serological assays is complicated by CMV and HHV‐6 antibody cross reactions which were common. Sera from 5 patients became HHV‐6 antibody negative following absorption with CMV infected cells. Thirty patients were initially seronegative for HHV‐6 antibodies, 12 remained so following transplantation, 5 developed cross reacting antibodies, and 13 serocon‐verted. The seroconversions occurred at 4 to 8 weeks post‐transplant in the same time period as CMV antibody rises. HHV‐6 IgM was detected in only 4 of the 13. Of the 7 patients who had serological evidence of active HHV‐6 infections but no evidence of CMV infection, 4 (56%) had fever, 1 (14%) hepatitis, 1 (14%) lung dysfunction, and 3 (42%) neurological disorders. In the 12 patients who remained HHV‐6 antibody negative, there were fewer fevers and n

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890330306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and risk factors for serological evidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Tests for anti‐HCV antibody were carried out by enzyme‐linked immunoassay (EIA) on 101 HIV‐infected patients from two university‐based outpatient clinics. Anti‐HCV antibody reactive samples were tested by using a recom‐binant immunoblot assay (RIBA) for HCV antibodies. Fourteen of 101 (13.9%) HIV‐infected patients were anti‐HCV reactive by EIA. Of these 14, only seven were reactive by RIBA: four were intravenous drug users as a sole risk factor for HIV infection; and the remaining three acquired HIV by blood transfusion, contaminated instrument exposure or IV drug use and sexual contact. Acquisition of HIV by sexual activity alone was not associated with HCV infection. It is concluded that HCV infection is found in approximately 7% of a university HIV clinic population. False‐positive anti‐HCV antibody serology may lead to overestimation of the prevalence of HCV infection. Female sex and intravenous drug use are significantly associated with HCV infection among HIV

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890330307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe infectious particles of hepatitis B virus (HBV) contain 3 related surface antigens, i.e., small, medium, and large, all of which are encoded by one large open reading frame with multiple initiation codons. The large surface antigen (L‐Ag) contains preS1, preS2, and S regions while both the middle and small surface antigens lack preS1. Several lines of evidence suggested that the preS1 region is involved in the binding of HBV to human hepatocytes as shown by its binding to HepG2 cells and isolated human he‐patocyte membranes. To obtain large quantity of preS1 peptide, an expression vector was constructed containing a lac promoter, the 5′ half of the p‐galactosidase gene, the Factor Xa tetrapep‐tide recognition sequence, and the coding region of preS1 plus preS2. This recombinant plasmid constitutively produced high concentration of a fusion protein in inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli. When the fusion protein was treated with Factor Xa, a peptide consisting of the N‐terminal 91 amino acids of the preS1 region was released. This preS1 fragment purified by anion exchange chromatography was able to bind specifically to the isolated plasma membranes from human liver. Hence, this recombinant preS1 peptide can be used to identify and isolate hepatocyte recept

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890330308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn an attempt to investigate the incidence and clinical course of non‐A, non‐B (NANB) hepatitis following blood transfusion in Taiwan, 288 patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery and received blood transfusion were followed prospectively with serum liver aminotransferase levels and viral hepatitis markers for at least six months. None had any past history of liver disease or drug abuse. All blood donors were tested for serum hepatitis B surface antigen and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (>45U/L). Thirtyseven (12.8%) patients developed PTH. 34 (91.9%) were considered to be cases of NANB hepatitis, 2 (5.4%) were cytomegalovirus hepatitis, and one (2.7%) was caused by Epstein‐Barr virus. No one developed hepatitis B post‐transfusion hepatitis (PTH). Of the 34 NANB PTH patients, 15 (44.1%) were asymptomatic, 16 (47.1%) had clinical symptoms, and 9 (26.5%) had serum total bilirubin levels higher than 2 mg/dl. There was no case of fulminant hepatic failure. Of 26 NANB PTH patients who were followed up for more than one year, 15 (57.7%) still had abnormal serum ALT levels. The incubation period of NANB PTH ranged from 2 to 16 (mean 6.1 ±3.2) weeks. Of the 37 PTH patients, 32 (86.5%) were found to have anti‐HCV seroconversion during one year follow‐up period. NANB PTH is as common in Taiwan as in the United States and Japan, and is demonstrated by this study to be due m

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890330309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe examined some epidemiological features of the viruses associated with gastrointestinal illness, using national data reported by electron microscopists in the United Kingdom. During the 3 years analyzed (1985–1987), a total of 1,993 positive detections of astroviruses, caliciviruses, coronaviruses, and small round structured viruses (SRSVs) were reported. In 1 year of this period, 8,210 rotaviruses were reported. More than 90% of the astroviruses and caliciviruses were detected in children under 5 years of age, while coronaviruses and SRSVs were detected in adults as well as children. Detections of astroviruses increased in the winter and were infrequent during the summer, a seasonal pattern similar to that observed for rotaviruses. There was some variability between reporting regions in rates of detection of fecal viruses. We have attempted to identify the reasons for this. We make suggestions for improving the detection of human fecal viruses, and we recognize the need for continued surveillance of these agent

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890330310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMeasles virus specific antibody levels were measured in infants from 2 to 12 months of age. The sera were tested by hemagglutination‐inhibition (HI), neutralization (NT), and enzyme immunoas‐say (EIA) methods. The results of this study indicate that in the population examined, infants at an early age have very low or no immunity of maternal origin to measles virus‐93% of the infants were without detectable neutralizing antibody (NT liter ≤10) at 6 months of age, and by the end of the first year of life 100% had no neutralizing a

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890330311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY