摘要:

AbstractTo determine the interrelationship between hepatitis B viral markers (HBV), the human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in HCC patients, a total of 282 subjects were included in the study. Out of 282 subjects, 182 were HCC patients as determined by raised α‐feto‐protein (AFP) of>1,000 ng/ml. The other 100 control patients presented with other conditions and had detectable AFP of1,000 ng/ml. 113 (40.1%) and 103 (36.5%) had HBsAg and Anti‐HBc respectively. However, HBeAg was found in 21 of 113 (18.6%) of the HBsAg positive only. Anti‐HIV anti‐bodies were present in 15 (5.3%) of the 282 tested individuals. Only 1 (1.0%) of the control group had detectable anti‐HIV antibodies in the serum. Eleven percent and 4.0% of the same control group had HBsAg and anti‐HBc in their sera respectively.The study shows a significant correlation between HCC and HBV‐markers (P<0.0001). Similarly, a significant correlation between anti‐HIV antibodies and HBV‐markers, (P<0.0001) was found. ©

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890370302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide corresponding to a region of the nucleocapside gene (N) of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), was used as a DNA probe to develop a nonradioactive hybridization assay for the detection of RSV. The probe was labeled by incorporation of biotin‐7‐dATP to the 3′ end by a reaction catalyzed by terminal deoxynucleotydil transferase.The dot blot hybridization assay was found to be specific for RSV when tested against RSV isolates (subgroups A and B) obtained from cell cultures and isolates of adenovirus, reovirus, rotavirus, and pararotavirus. The assay detected both RSV subgroups (A and B) without significant differences. The dot blot hybridization assay using the nonradioactive probe led to similar results to indirect immunofluorescence (IFI) when tested against a panel of 64 clinical samples from nasopharyngeal secretions of infants with clinical symptoms of respiratory disease. This assay may provide the basis for a rapid, simple, and inexpensive method for routine RSV diagnosis. © 1992 Wiley‐L

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890370303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe importance of the donated organ as a source of CMV was assessed in 120 patients following orthotopic liver transplant and the CMV infections that developed in these patients were graded by severity. Forty‐four recipients were CMV antibody negative pre‐transplant. Eighteen of these received organs from CMV antibody positive donors and 15 (83%) developed primary CMV infections, 13 (87%) of which were symptomatic. Twenty‐six received organs from CMV antibody negative donors and only 2 (8%) became CMV positive post transplant (P<0.001). These data suggest that there would be a considerable advantage in matching CMV antibody negative recipients with negative donors. Forty‐five percent of secondary infections were asymptomatic compared with 12% of primary infections, and only 11% became disseminated compared with 53% of primary infections. The secondary infections that followed transplantation of an organ from a CMV antibody positive donor were more likely to be symptomatic and were more severe than those in patients who received seronegative livers. © 1992 Wiley

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890370304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAccumulation and persistence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in the musselMytilus chilensiswas evaluated. Under optimal filtration activity of mussels (temperature 12°C, salinity 3%, feeding twice a day withDunaliella marina), HAV was concentrated 100‐fold from the surrounding water. Similar concentrations of HAV were reached in the filtration apparatus and in the digestive system (hepatopancreas). HAV persisted for about 7 days in mussels. Elimination of HAV from mussels was slower than elimination of poliovirus. Without feeding of mussels (causing low filtration activity), there was no measurable uptake of HAV into mussels, and depuration of HAV from mussels was slower. The ability of mussels to concentrate HAV was used successfully to monitor fecally contaminated river water for the presence of HAV. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890370305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSerum antibodies to early proteins of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV 16 E2 protein) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV 2 ICP8) can be measured by ELISA. In the serum of 122 newly diagnosed cervical carcinoma patients and age‐matched controls, enhanced IgA antibody levels to an HPV‐16 E2 protein derived peptide no. 245 indicated a 9.5‐fold (95% confidence limits 2.8–57.2) relative risk of cervical carcinoma. No significant risk was found with a corresponding HPV 6 E2 peptide or HSV 2 ICP8. To evaluate the HPV 16 E2 peptide as a possible tumor marker for cervical carcinoma serial postoperative serum samples were tested from 27 women with cervical carcinoma. Antibody responses t o the HPV 16 E2 peptide depended on the clinical stage. Stage I and II patients showed decreasing posttreatment IgA and/or IgG antipeptide antibody levels. Stage III and IV patients initially showed decreasing antipeptide antibody levels followed by increasing levels. These patients also showed increasing IgG antibody levels to the HSV 2 ICP8. However, increasing antibody levels to the HPV 16 E2 peptide indicated significantly (P<0.05) worse 2‐year disease free survival (recurring disease) than did stable or decreasing antibody levels. The results suggest that serum antipeptide antibodies to the HPV 16 E2 peptide no. 245 can be used for the monitoring of cervical carcinoma. © 1992 Wiley

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890370306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA newly developed antibody assay based on a synthetic peptide of 15 amino acids derived from the core region of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome was evaluated in serum and plasma panels of (A) 225 haemophiliacs and (B) 44 patients with chronic non‐A, non‐B (NANB) hepatitis, and in (C) sequential serum samples of 9 patients with transfusion transmitted HCV infection. The new anti‐core peptide ELISA was compared with the anti‐C100 ELISA. For confirmation of HCV infection, samples were tested in a 4‐antigen recombinant immunoblot assay (4‐RIBA) and samples of panels B and C were also assayed in cDNA‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In two panels with a high prevalence of HCV infection (88.4 and 70.5% in haemophilia and NANB hepatitis patients, respectively), the sensitivity of the anti‐core peptide ELISA did not differ significantly from the sensitivity of the anti‐C100 ELISA. The sensitivity of the new assay as compared with the anti‐C100 assay was found to be 0.84 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78–0.89] versus 0.92 (95% CI: 0.87–0.95) in haemophilia patients and 0.71 (95% CI: 0.52–0.86) versus 0.84 (95% CI: 0.66–0.95) in NANB hepatitis patients. In sequential serum samples of patients with transfusion‐transmitted HCV infection antibodies to the core peptide (in 6/9 patients) appeared later than antibodies to C100 (in 7/9 patients): 168 (range: 70–322) and 143 (range: 59–365) days after transfusion, respectively. We conclude that although the experimental anti‐HCV assay is based on a single linear epitope from the HCV core region the assay is almost as sensitive for diagnosing HCV infection as the first‐generation an

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890370307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRotavirus (RV) in stools of children<1 year of age with diarrhea in Bangkok in 1989 were serotyped by monoclonal enzyme immunoassay (MEIA). RNA extracted from these specimens was tested for hybridization with alkaline phosphatase (AP) and32P‐labeled oligonucleotides constructed from the nucleotide sequences of VP7 of human G types 1 (HuG1Ac), 2 (HuG2Ac), 3 (HuG3Ac), and 4 (HuG4Ac). Of 148 specimens that contained RV, 72% (106/148) hybridized with RV G type specific AP‐labeled oligonucleotides compared to 47% (70/148) that were serotyped by MEIA (P<0.001). Of 68 specimens that contained only one VP7 serotype (G‐type), as identified by MEIA, 94% (16/17) of G1, 90% (27130) of G2, 57% (4/7) of G3, and 36% (5/14) of G4 RV hybridized with the AP‐labeled HuG1Ac, HuG2Ac, HuG3Ac, and HuG4Ac oligonucleotides, respectively. The probes for G1, 2,3, and 4 RV were specific for each G type. The results of hybridizing specimens with32P‐ and AP‐labeled oligonucleotides were similar. After transcription and amplification of cDNA of gene 9, AP‐labeled RV G type specific oligonucleotides hybridized with 90% (134/148) of RV specimens. The high sensitivity of these nonimmunological techniques could be of value in identifying G types of RV during vaccine trials. © 1992 W

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890370308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractApproximately half of the patients with type C hepatitis do not have a history of parenteral exposure. The route of nonparenteral infection remains unknown. To evaluate the possible role of body fluids, the existence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in saliva, urine, seminal fluid, and ascites was examined by “nested” polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Amplification of the HCV 5′ noncoding sequences was carried out. The amplified product was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization and restriction endonuclease digestion. Among 34 patients with chronic liver disease who were positive for anti‐HCV and serum HCV RNA, the prevalence of HCV RNA in body fluids was 100% (7/7) in ascites, 48% (1 5/31 ) in saliva, 24% (4/17) in seminal fluid, and 7% (2/29) in urine. The body fluids collected from 3 healthy subjects and 5 patients with chronic liver disease who were positive for anti‐HCV but negative for serum HCV RNA were all negative for HCV RNA. Hence, the potential infectivity of body fluids in patients testing negative for serum HCV RNA can probably be discounted. Conversely, the presence of HCV RNA in saliva and seminal fluid of patients positive for serum HCV RNA suggests sexual and household contact as likely modes of nonparenteral transmission of type C hepatitis. Furthermore, the high prevalence of HCV RNA in ascites and saliva may have important implications in medical and dental practice. © 1992 Wilev

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890370309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA semiautomated dot blot assay and cDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to study longitudinal anti‐hepatitis C virus (HCV) recognition patterns i n relation to presence of HCV‐RNA in transfusion recipients and their infectious donors. In 9 recipients, 4 different patterns of HCV infection were observed: (A) persistent HCV carriage accompanied by chronic hepatitis in 6, (B) acute resolved hepatitis, but persistent HCV replication in one, and (C) continuous HCV replication without hepatitis in one and (D) acute resolved hepatitis with clearance of infection in one. This last self‐limited infection was characterized by the disappearance of HCV‐RNA as well as anti‐HCV reactivity. In contrast, antibody reactivity persisted in 7 of 8 patients with chronic HCV infection who could be followed until 1990. Seven of the 9 recipients developed antibodies to all recombinant peptides in dot blot assay; one became positive for anti‐C33 and anti‐core and one developed anti‐core only. The sequence of appearance of antibodies differed among individual patients. In 7 patients with full anti‐HCV recognition patterns, the sequence of events was (mean and limits in days after transfusion): onset of hepatitis at day 50 (22–74), seroconversion of anti‐C33 at day 91 (59–129), anti‐core at day 133 (54–203), and anti‐C100 at day 143 (59–365). The incorporation of C33 and core proteins, in addition to C100, in the second generation anti‐HCV ELISA enhanced the detection rate in the HCV‐infected transfusion recipients from 7/9 (78%) to 9/9 (100%). In 4 of the 7 anti‐C100 seroconverters anti‐HCV was detectable 38–277 days earlier in the new ELISA. However, the development of anti‐HCV in the second‐generation ELSA was still delayed [54–192 (mean 103) days after transfusion and 0–135 (mean 53) days after onset of hepatitis]. We conclude that combined application of anti‐HCV immunoblot techniques and cDNA‐PCR in consecutive samples is necessary for reliable diagnosis of either ongoing producti

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890370310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for hepatitis C viral RNA (HCV‐RNA) was used to monitor viraemia levels in six patients at multiple time points before, during, and after interferon therapy for chronic non‐A, non‐B hepatitis (NANBH). Prior to therapy, serum HCV‐RNA was detected in all patients at approximately 104‐105HCV genomes/ml. HCV viraemia became undetectable within 1 month of commencing interferon in three of the five patients whose alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels decreased to normal on therapy. In the remaining two responder patients, viraemia levels declined more slowly, becoming undetectable after a period of several months. Recurrence of viraemia during therapy was observed in two cases. The one patient whose serum ALT levels remained elevated throughout therapy showed no decline in viraemia. On stopping interferon after a 6 months course, HCV genome titres climbed rapidly in all patients, reaching higher levels than had been observed prior to therapy. Biochemical relapse occurred within 7 months of ending interferon treatment in all but one of the patients who demonstrated this viraemia “rebound” phenomenon. © 1992 W

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890370311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY