摘要:

AbstractThere is considerable evidence that substances other than immunoglobulins can bind human Clq. Utilizing purified human Clq immobilized on polystyrene beads, we have demonstrated that polymerized human albumin (PHALB‐125I) binds to human Clq in a direct binding assay. This interaction required a high degree of albumin polymerization as the precentage of binding was proportional to the polymer size and monomeric albumin was unreactive. Binding was species specific in that human Clq bound only human, and not xenogeneic, polyalbumins. Similarly, polymers of various other human plasma proteins were unreactive. To demonstrate that this interaction was not unique to immobilized Clq, soluble Clq was shown to inhibit PHALB‐125I binding to solid phase Clq. Because aggregated IgG, poly(I):poly(C), dextran sulfate, polyglutamic acid, and polylysine have been previously shown to bind Clq, we used them in further blocking experiments and found them also to inhibit the interaction between Clq and PHALB. Anti‐human Clq and, to a lesser extent, anti‐PHALB antibodies inhibited the interaction. The Clq‐PHALB binding was pH, ionic strength, and temperature dependent. In addition, human Clq was not observed to bind hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) directly; however, in the presence of sufficiently polymerized human albumin a Clq‐PHALB‐HBsAg complex was formed. These interactions may be implicated in hepatocyte‐HBsAg receptor function as well as in the host defense mechanisms involved in hepatitis B

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890070302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA species‐specific receptor for polymerized human albumin (PHALB) has been reported on hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)‐carrying particles. Our previous observations that human Clq also binds PHALB in a species‐restricted manner led us to investigate the possibility that HBsAg‐associated Clq is involved in the PHALB receptor on HBsAg particles. The temperature, ionic strength, and pH requirements necessary for binding of PHALB to both Clq and HBsAg were compared and found to be similar. Normal human serum and purified Clq inhibited the PHABL‐HBsAg interaction; the inhibition was markedly reduced in heat‐inactivated and Clq‐depleted serum. Heat‐denatured or reduced and alky‐lated Clq failed to inhibit the PHALB‐HBsAg binding. Moreover, human Clq was found to be present in purified preparations of HBsAg and the quantity detected paralleled the degree of PHALB‐HBsAg binding. While anti‐Clq inhibited the PHALB‐HBsAg interaction, anti‐Clr, ‐Cls, ‐C3, and ‐Ig were not inhibitory. Collagenase treatment of purified HBsAg reduced both PHALB‐binding activity and the degree of HBsAg‐associated Clq. These observations provide evidence that HBsAg‐associated Clq is involved in o

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890070303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractElectron microscopy examination of liver biopsies from 8 patients with chronic non‐A, non‐B hepatitis revealed ultrastructural changes similar to those previously described in chimpanzees with experimentally induced acute non‐A, non‐B hepatitis. These changes consisted of intranuclear clusters of electron‐dense, 15–27‐nm particles that were detected in five out of the eight patients and of circular cytoplasmic structures that were present in seven cases. Other cytoplasmic abnormalities found in our patients related to the presence of curved membranes apparently developing from apposition of two cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast with what has been reported in infected chimpanzees, the nuclear and cytoplasmic changes were not mutually exclusive in our patients, but coexisted in

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890070304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFour‐layer (indirect) radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme‐immunoassay (EIA) techniques were developed for the detection of influenza A and B virus in the sonicated nasopharyngeal specimens from patients hospitalized for acute respiratory infection. Polystyrene beads (RIA) or polystyrene microtiter plates (EIA) were used as the solid‐phase, guinea pig antivirus immunoglobulins as the catching antibodies, rabbit antivirus immunoglobulins as the secondary antibodies, and125I‐labeled sheep antirabbit (RIA) or horseradish peroxidase conjugated swine antirabbit (EIA) immunoglobulins as the detector antibodies. A comparison of the developed RIAs and EIAs with the immunofluorescence (IF) method was made with 41 influenza A IF‐positive and 150 influenza A IF‐nega‐tive specimens. Each of the 41 influenza A IF‐positive specimens was positive by the influenza A RIA and negative by the influenza B RIA. Out of the 150 influenza A IF‐negative specimens 3 specimens were found with weakly positive results in influenza A and B RIAs, but in each of these 3 specimens the binding proved nonspecific by the corresponding confirmatory tests. Using the EIA technique and the same immunoreagents as in RIA, identical results were obtained in each selected specimen tested. The developed RIAs and EIAs proved to be as specific and sensitive as the IF technique, and they should be practical in the diagnosis of respiratory infections directly from nasopha

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890070305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSerum specimens from children and adults living in Sapporo, Japan, were tested for antibody against human calicivirus by immune electron microscopy (IBM), using virus‐rich faecal extracts as the source of antigen. Of 83 serum specimens tested, 49 (59%) were positive for calicivirus antibody. Age‐related prevalence of antibody to calicivirus was as follows: 23% (3/13) in the 0–5‐month‐old group, 30% (6/20) in the 6–23‐month‐old group, 65% (13/20) in the 2–5‐year‐old group, and 90% in school children (18/20) and adults (9/10). As for IBM antibody ratings scored from 0 to 4, almost all positive sera from older infants and preschool children scored 3 to 4. Antibody scores were rather more scattered in school children. The results indicated that caliciviral infection is prevalent in younger children

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890070306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA clinical and serological study was performed on 267 of 636 volunteers vaccinated against Argentine hemorrhagic fever with the XJCl3attenuated strain of Junin virus seven to nine years earlier, in order to determine their long‐term evolution.This study included a clinical examination, a chest roentgenogram, an electrocardiogram, and the following laboratory determinations: white and red cell count, number of platelets, hematocrit, hemoglobin, sedimentation rate (Katz index), urea, nitrogen, glucose concentration, cholesterol, GOT, GPT, gamma GT, alkaline phosphatase, cholinesterase, and total bilirubin. Neutralization reactions were performed to determine persistence of antibody levels.All clinical and laboratory findings were within normal limits, excluding a long‐term pathology attributable to the virus. Of 165 tested sera, 153 (90.3%) had detectable levels of neutralizing antibodies, and the rest had no antibodies after this time.Although these people live in the endemic area, it is considered that only the 9% that had increased antibody levels had suffered a reinfection during the seven‐ to nine‐year period, which acted as a booster. This figure approximately corresponds to the subclinical infection value found in the region. In the rest, the persistence of antibodies is attributed to the immunization achieved with the vaccine e

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890070307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHuman diploid fibroblasts and human primary liver cell carcinoma cells (PLC/PRF/5) were infected with hepatitis A virus (HAV) adapted to growth in cell culture or derived directly from human stool. Viral antigen was expressed in PLC/PRF/5 cells 28 days after infection with cell culture‐adapted HAV, and 50 days after infection with virus from human stool. In human fibroblasts the periods until first expression of viral antigen were 90 and 210 days, respectively. During further passages of HAV in fibroblasts the time of first appearance of antigen decreased to about 28 days. Biophysical properties of HAV extracted from infected fibroblasts were comparable to those of HAV derived directly from human stool. Immunofluorescence studies showed that the antigen was located exclusively within the cytoplasm of the infected fibroblasts. Kinetics of antigen production indicated that an equilibrium between virus multiplication and cell metabolism was reached in persistently infected fibroblast

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890070308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHepatitis‐B core antigen (HBcAg) was released from Dane particles previously separated from anti‐HBc by repeated pelleting through sucrose gradients separated into three HBcAg populations when analysed by cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation. Heavy HBcAg particles banded at a density of 1.355 gm/ml, intermediate HBcAg particles at a density of 1.33 gm/ml, and light HBcAg particles at a density of 1.30 gm/ml. Like heavy HBcAg particles, intermediate HBcAg particles contained DNA polymerase activity, but the ratio of HBcAg to DNA polymerase activity was significantly different in both populations. Intermediate HBcAg particles could not be separated from heavy HBcAg particles by rate sedimentation centrifugation. The size of the HBV‐DNA and the size of its single‐stranded gaps were not significantly different in heavy and and intermediate HBcAg populations. Data accumulated in this paper suggest that the intermediate HBcAg particle differs from the heavy HBcAg particle by the amount of HBcAg polypeptides and the number of HBcAg determinants ex

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890070309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890070301

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY