摘要:

AbstractA radioimmunoassay (RIA) using polystyrene beads as the solid phase for cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigen and iodinated immunosorbent purified anti‐human IgG, IgM, and IgA as indicator antibodies was developed for the detection of immunoglobulin class‐specific antibodies to CMV. An antigen prepared from extracellular virus was essential for reliable results, and a preparation ultracentrifuged and sonicated twice was better than a crude antigen. The optimal antigen gave low cpm values with a negative reference serum, resulting in cpm ratios of 10 or higher between early convalescent phase serum and negative reference serum.Of six patients with an increase in CMV CF titres, all six had an increase in RIA IgG titres, four had an increase in IgA titres, and all had IgM antibodies. The IgG titres were high, up to 1/64,000. In a group of 17 infants negative in CMV CF test, 14 had CMV IgG antibodies in RIA test, indicating mainly low levels of maternal antibodies. In six of seven patients with CMV isolations from urine specimens, an increase in IgG or IgA titres or the presence of IgM antibodies was found, and only one of these patients had an increase in CMV CF titre. The specificity of the developed CMV RIA test was further demonstrated by detecting no significant increase in RIA titres in serum specimens of patients with primary herpes simplex infection, chickenpox, herpes zoster, or infectious mononucleo

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890070202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe serological markers of hepatitis B virus and serum alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) levels have been studied in 28 consecutive cases of fulminant hepatitis, correlating the data with survival.On admission, 20 patients were found to be positive for HBsAg and eight for anti‐HBs. All anti‐HBs‐positive cases showed high titers of anti‐HBc, and six patients were positive for specific anti‐HBc‐IgM. DNA polymerase activity was detected in serum of 11 HBsAg‐positive (55%) and four anti‐HBs‐positive (50%) patients. HBeAg was detected in six (21.4%) subjects (five HBsAg‐positive and one anti‐HBs‐positive), whereas anti‐HBe was present in nine (32.1%) subjects (six HBsAg‐positive and three anti‐HBs‐positive). AFP levels greater than 60 ng/ml were found in sera of 14 patients (50%).No significant difference was evidenced in the survival rate between HBsAg‐positive and anti‐HBs‐positive and between HBeAg‐positive and HBe Ag‐negative patients.However, a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) in the survival rate was found in patients positive and negative for DNA polymerase activity and in those with AFP levels higher and lower than 60 ng/ml (P<0.005).Pathogenetic and prognostic s

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890070203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA new human adenovirus has been isolated from 62 eyes with (kerato)conjunctivitis and from nine genitourinary sites. The virus is closely related in haemagglutination inhibition tests to adenovirus type 19 (Ad 19) and Ad 10. Antiserum adsorption experiments demonstrated the presence of three haemag‐glutinin antigens in the virus: One unique, another common to Ad 19, and a third common to Ad 10 and 19. In neutralization tests, the virus is distantly related to Ad 13, 30, 19, and 10. Despite this relationship, it is proposed to call the virus adenovirus 37, in agreement with current species definitions. It belongs to subgroup D of human adenoviruses. Antisera to the new virus show virtually no neutralization of other human adenovirus types. Only by use of this antiserum it is in practice possible to avoid wrong or indefinite typing, which has often occurred in the pas

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890070204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA new human adenovirus has been isolated from patients with keratoconjunctivitis and/or genital infection since 1976. This adenovirus, designated candidate adenovirus 37 (Ad 37) is serologically distinct but related to Ad 10, 13, 19, and 30 (see the accompanying paper by de Jong et al). SDS‐Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of Ad 37 virion polypeptides showed that this adenovirus is a member of subgroup D. DNA restriction endonuclease analysis of DNA from Ad 37 and related serotypes belonging to subgroup D showed that Ad 37 is a new genome type belonging to subgroup D but clearly distinct from the 20 serotypes classified into this subgrou

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890070205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in adults can cause neurological diseases such as the Guillain—Barré syndrome (GBS) and myelitis. The mechanism leading to the development of neurological damage is, however, still unknown. We have investigated the possibility that an abnormal humoral immune response, either weak or hyperactive, could be the cause. The antibody response of four patients with a primary CMV followed by neurological symptoms was compared to that of four age‐matched controls with an uncomplicated infection. IgG and IgM antibodies to CMV early antigens (EA), late antigens (LA), and IgG antibodies to CMV immediate early antigens (IEA) were measured in consecutive serum samples. Comparison of titers indicated a longer time lapse between the onset of CMV infection and the development of symptoms in the group with neurological disease. We found no conclusive evidence of an abnormal humoral immune response to CMV in the patients with neurological disease compared to the patients with an uncomplicated infec

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890070206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPurified subunit vaccines (HANAflu) containing 20 /xg of hemagglutinin of influenza A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1) alone or with 1–5% whole virus were compared to commercially available vaccines for reactogenicity and immunogenicity in unprimed young adults. Reactions to all vaccines were minimal. Sera from volunteers who received two intramuscular doses of vaccine or placebo were tested by hemagglutination‐inhibition and neutralization tests. HANAflu with 1 m̈g (5%) whole virus added was not different in immunogenicity from commercial vaccine. Both commercial vaccine and HANAflu with 1 m̈g whole virus added gave higher seroconversion rates and more neutralization titers ≥ 4 log2than HANAflu alone and HANAflu + 0.2 m̈g (1%) whole virus. Thus, the HANAflu subunit vaccine alone was less immunogenic than commercial vaccine in unprimed persons. However, addition of 1 m̈g (5%) whole virus, but not 0.2 m̈g (1%), eliminated this difference. There may be a role for addition of small amounts of whole virus to subunit influenza vaccines to overcome lower immunogenicity in unprimed p

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890070207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe risk of nosocomial viral hepatitis cross‐infection was investigated in a prospective study of 248 adult patients hospitalized in the Infectious Diseases Hospital of Athens for acute viral hepatitis. They were followed‐up clinically, biochemically, and serologically for 100 to 250 days after admission to the Hospital. Commercially available radioimmunoassays were used for the detection of the surface antigen of HBV (HBsAg), its antibody (Anti‐HBs), the antibody to the core of the HBV (Anti‐HBc), and the IgG and IgM antibodies to the HAV. Clinical, biochemical, or serological indications of hospital cross‐infection were not detected in any of the 21 susceptibles to HAV infection or among the 46 susceptibles to HBV infection during the follow‐up period, although all of them had ample opportunity for cross‐infection through close contact to acutely ill patients. These data provide further evidence that HBV and HAV are not easily transmitted from patients hospitalized for acute viral hepatitis to other susceptible patients sharing wards, and indicate that there is need for reconsideration of the present strategy of hospitalization and care of acutely ill viral hepat

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890070208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFive hundred sixty‐four Vietnam refugees were studied for past or present infection with hepatitis A and B virus (HAV and HBV) by sensitive serological assays for hepatitis B surface and e‐antigen and antibodies to HBsAg, HBeAg, HBcAg, and HAV. Fifteen percent of the men and 6% of the women were HBsAg‐positive. Of these 66% were also positive for HBeAg. Serum transamin‐ase values did not effectively differentiate between the infectious HBeAg carriers and the less infectious anti‐HBe carriers.The HBsAg carrier rate did not increase by age after infancy, and among children, carriers clustered around HBsAg carrier mothers only. In contrast, the distribution of antibodies to the three HBV‐associated antigens suggested continuous exposure throughout childhood, and a 90% prevalence rate was found at the age of 20 years.Screening for HBeAg in this new population group is necessary if appropriate precautions are to be taken, and if medical management of these patients is to be optimal.The prevalence of antibody to hepatitis A increases with age to 90% at 15 years. Among anti‐HAV‐positive children and adults IgM‐ anti‐HAV was found in 8% of the children and none of the adults, indicating that only a few children may be in an infectious stage at the time of study, and therefore no specific prophylactic precau

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890070209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a study in Kenya of corneal lesions occurring in children with measles virus infection, conjunctival lesions of a characteristic appearance were seen concomitant with the rash. The lesions became visible after staining by Lissamine green or Rose Bengal.In order to investigate whether these lesions were virus‐induced, paired biopsies were performed on the conjunctiva of five measles patients. One biopsy was taken of a staining lesion; the other one, taken of nonstaining conjunctiva of the same eye, served as control.Measles‐specific immunofluorescence on cryostate sections of the biopsies showed that in all patients the antigen occurred in the conjunctival epithelial cell layer in the staining lesions only.The coincidence of epithelial staining and presence of measles antigen suggests a viral origin of the conjunctival lesion. Fluorescent antibody technique on cryostate sections proved to be a suitable method to demonstrate the presence of virus where isolation fails and serology is not applica

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890070210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe multiplication of HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 strains in the heart and the corresponding dorsal root ganglia (DRG) was examined in experimentally infected mice. Infectious HSV‐1 was recovered from the heart between the second and fourth day after inoculation and 3 days later from the DRG. Both the heart and DRG yielded infectious HSV‐2 from the fourth to the twenty‐first day after inoculation. The HSV‐2, but not the HSV‐1, induced recrudescent disease in chronically infected mice up to 18 months after inoculation. These affected mice showed signs of disease similar to those observed during the acute phase of the primary infection. During the recrudescent disease, infectious HSV‐2 was recovered both from the heart and DRG. The possibility of using this experimental model for investigating long‐term human cardiopat

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890070211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY