ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890170302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwenty‐four consecutive children with newly diagnosed insulin‐dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were investigated for a history of infectious disease. Thirteen of the 24 (54%) patients reported symptoms of acute infection within two months before diabetes was diagnosed. The mean age was 8.5 years and 15 (63%) of the patients were girls. No clear seasonal variation in onset was seen.Coxsackie B (CB)‐virus‐specific IgM responses were detected by reverse radioimmunoassay (RIA) in 16 of the 24 (67%) patients on the day of diagnosis of IDDM. The highest titre was usually recorded at that time, but with some the highest titre was found with a second serum obtained three to seven weeks after diagnosis. Thereafter the titres declined, and after six months IgM was detected only in a few patients. Thirteen patients displayed monotypic IgM responses, whereas three patients showed ditypic responses. Among the former, IgM was recorded against Coxsackie B4 (CB4) in four, B5 (CB5) in three, B1 (CBI) in two, B2 (CB2) in two, and B3 (CB3) in two patients. The ditypic responses were against CB2 and CB3, CB3 and CB4, and CB4 and CB5. No CB‐virus‐specific IgM was detected in sera, found during the same period, from age‐matched nondiabetic children without evidence of infection. In neutralisation (NT) tests, antibodies to the homotypic virus were found in 12 of the 16 diabetic patients showing CB‐virus‐specific at the time of diagnosis. A significant rise in NT titre was demonstrated in three of these patients. No significant clinical difference was noted between IgM positive and IgM negative patients. There was no significant correlation between clinical symptoms of acute infection and IgM response. This study was carried out during a period of hi

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890170303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA rapid passive hemagglutination assay (Rubaquick™) was developed that detects antibody to rubella virus in serum specimens. The test result is read visually after an incubation period of 15–30 minutes. When compared with a hemagglutination inhibition assay, the Rubaquick assay results obtained from 1,470 sera were greater than 99% specific, sensitive, and accurate. Studies of 179 paired serum specimens obtained before and 27 days after rubella vaccination showed that if antibody was detectable by the Rubaquick assay in the prevaccination specimens, the vaccine induced a secondary response consisting of increasing IgG antibody reactivity in the absence of a positive IgM response. In contrast to the positive prevaccination specimens, a negative prevaccination result was associated with IgM antibody in 98 of the 133 postvaccination specimens. Seroconversion was noted in all cases in which the prevaccination specimen was negative by the Rubaquick as

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890170304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA lymphoproliferative assay was developed to study cell‐mediated immunity (CMI) to BK virus (BKV), a human papovavirus, in healthy volunteer subjects. Responses to ultraviolet‐inactivated antigen prepared from BKV‐infected fibroblasts were compared to those elicited against a mock antigen preparation and an unrelated control antigen (tetanus toxoid, TET). CMI to BKV and TET were contrasted with humoral immunity as measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Specificity of the assay was confirmed by absence of response to mock antigen in all subjects studied. Positive response to BKV antigen was observed in all of 15 seropositive individuals but not in 5 neonates or 1 seronegative child. Similarly, all TET seropositive (n = 13) but no seronegative subjects (n = 2) responded to TET. The magnitude of lymphoproliferation to either antigen did not correlate with antibody titer. Additionally, the frequency of peripheral blood BKV‐specific proliferating lymphocytes was determined by limiting dilution analysis (LDA). The frequency was approximately tenfold less than that observed for TET in the same group of subjects (1/30,300 vs 1/2,700). This may be due to differences in route and frequency of antigen exposure, both of which are unknown, at present

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890170305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNineteen healthy young adults were vaccinated with plasma‐derived hepatitis B vaccine at months 0, 1, and 12, and their immune responses were compared to those of a similar group of 20 vaccinees immunized at months 0, 1, and 6. Late booster injections at 12 months produced nearly fivefold higher geometric mean anti‐HBs levels than those of the control group. The higher anti‐HBs values may lead to longer persistence of anti‐HBs and thus to longer protection against hepa

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890170306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNonionic detergent solubilised polypeptides from highly purified human cytomegalovirus virions were used as immunogens to produce murine monoclonal antibody secreting hybridomas. One monoclonal antibody was shown, by immunoprecipitation followed by SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDSPAGE), to precipitate three glycoproteins with molecular weights 52, 95, and 130 (all × 103) and one minor component with a molecular weight of 50 × 103. When virion envelope components were first separated by SDS‐PAGE and electrophoretically transferred to nitrocellulose membranes, this monoclonal antibody recognised two related components with molecular weights 50 and 52 (both × 103). Immunofluorescence studies suggested that these viral antigens were associated with membrane systems of virus‐infected cells and were particularly abundant late in i

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890170307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to study the prevalence rates for hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to surface antigen (anti‐HBs), and antibody to core antigen (anti‐HBc) in 724 voluntary donors, students, pregnant women and those seeking treatment for minor ailments in the Gizan area of Saudi Arabia. Tests for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and e antibody (anti‐HBe) were made in HBsAg positive sera. There was serological evidence of an existing or earlier infection in 337 Saudis (46.5 %), of whom 12.7% were HBsAg carriers, 25.4% were positive for anti‐HBs, and 8.4% were positive only for anti‐HBc. The percentage of HBsAg carriers was 19.9% and 9.3% in males and females, respectively (p<0.001). The evidence of existing or earlier infection in males (58.7%) was significantly higher than in females (38.7%) (p<0.001), with no intersex difference in anti‐HBs or anti‐HBc. No difference was observed in the positivity of either of the markers, alone or together, between the cord blood and the female population in the child‐bearing age of 20–39 years. Corresponding to the values in other age groups, there was an overall fall in the number of HBsAg carriers during adolescence as well as in 20–39‐year‐old females. Among the HBsAg carriers, there was no significant difference between the two sexes for HBeAg and anti‐HBe positivity.The HBsAg carrier rate of 19.9% in males is consistent with the high male dominant prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma in the Gizan area. Immunization against hepatitis B virus should be considered for all newborns in such hyperendemic a

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890170308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA rapid simultaneous enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using monoclonal antibodies was investigated for herpes simplex virus (HSV) detection. All HSV isolates (n = 127) were detected, whereas no response was obtained with HSV negative preparations. Equivalent results were obtained from 275 of 277 clinical specimens in the monoclonal ELISA and in an ELISA using polyclonal antibodies, confirming that appropriately selected monoclonal antibodies may be as efficacious as polyclonal antibodies in antibody‐based assays. In clinical specimens, the rate of HSV detection (sensitivity) relative to tissue culture isolation was low for both assays, and the major factor responsible for this was the low concentration of virus present in some specimens. The sensitivity of ELISA obtained in routine use varied with different panels of unselected specimens and was related to the speed of development of the cytopathic effect. These results emphasise the need for caution in assigning a definitive sensitivity level to ELISA tests evaluated on different panels of specim

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890170309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDuring an epidemic of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in northern Thailand, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leukocytes and blood leukocytes from 28 patients with suspected JE were tested for spontaneous in vitro synthesis of antibodies to JE virus (JEV). Sixteen patients were subsequently proven to be infected with JEV. Supernatant fluids of three‐day cultures of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes or unstimulated unfractionated CSF leukocytes were tested for JEV IgM and IgG antibodies with isotype‐specific “antibody capture” radioimmunoassays. Blood‐derived leukocytes from all sixteen JEV‐infected patients and CSF‐derived leukocytes from four JEV‐infected patients synthesized JEV antibodies. Bloodderived and CSF‐derived leukocytes from all 12 patients with central nervous system infections caused by agents other than JEV uniformly failed to synthesize JEV antibodies. Virus‐specific antibody‐producing cells can be detected in the blood and CSF early in the clinic

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890170310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890170311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY