摘要:

AbstractIn the course of varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) infection, some viral capsid antigens are found in the epidermis and dermis. The aim of this study was to investigate the localisation of two major VZV glycoproteins (gpI and gpII) and of their respective genes in the skin.The distribution of VZV gpI and II in 27 formalin fixed paraffin embedded skin biopsies from herpes zoster eruptions were compared by immunohistochemistry. Double immunostaining was carried our to identify infected cells. The presence of viral nucleic acids coding for gpI and gpII was examined by in situ hybridisation.The distribution of gpI and gpII and their corresponding genome sequences was similar in the epidermis. gpI and gpII were also detected in dermal FXIIIa positive dendrocytes, in Mac 387 and CD68 positive macrophages, and in perineural and endothelial cells. However, the corresponding viral nucleic acids were rarely and barely detected in these cells of the dermis. It is concluded that VZV infection of epithelial cells follows a different course than in dermal cells. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. © 1995 Wiley‐Li

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890460202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDiverging data exist on human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in cytomorphologically normal scrapes during pregnancy. The prevalence of HPV was therefore investigated by polymerase chain reaction method (PCR) in cytomorphologically normal scrapes of 709 pregnant women and 3, 948 non‐pregnant women visiting the same hospital during the same time period. The prevalence of all types of HPV among pregnant women was 9.6% (68/709) and the high risk HPV types 16 and 18 were found in 3.1% (22/709). In the non‐pregnant women the prevalence of all types of HPV was 10.9% (432/3, 948) with 2.9% (116/3, 948) HPV types 16 and 18. The highest prevalence of HPV was present in women at younger ages in both groups. With increasing age the prevalence declines from about 19% (15–25 yrs) to 5% (40–49 yrs). The age‐adjusted odds ratio of prevalence of all types of HPV in pregnant versus non‐pregnant women was 0.73 (95% CI 0.56–;0.96,P= 0.025) and statistically significant. When HPV types 16 and 18 were considered, significant differences were not found. HPV of all types and types 16/18 prevalence was higher in the second half of pregnancy than in the first part but did not reach statistical significance. High HPV copy numbers in the scrapes were found during the first half of the pregnancy and not during the second half using a semi‐quantitative HPV 16/18 PCR detection method. Since the difference in HPV prevalence between non‐pregnant and pregnant women is very small, it is concluded that HPV prevalence in cytomorphologically normal smears is hardly influenced by pregnancy. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. ©

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890460203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractB19 infection can be acquired by transmission with blood factors in patients with congenital bleeding disorders, requiring clotting factor concentrates. In immunodeficient patients, the failure of immunity to clear B19 virus may produce persistent infections. The presence of B19 DNA in blood samples from seven hemophilic patients with concomitant HIV‐1 infection was studied over a period of three‐to‐four years. Dot blot hybridization assays with DNA and RNA probes were used to detect medium high viremias, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect very low viremic titres. Three patients were negative for B19 DNA in all the blood samples, while four patients were persistently positive for B19 DNA. Viral persistence, which in one patient was detected throughout the study period (40 months), occurred at low titre in all four positive patients with some recurrent increases in viral titre. In the four patients persistently positive for B19 DNA, acute or chronic clinical symptoms and signs that could be associated with B19were not noted when virus was present at low titre (B19 DNA detectable only by PCR). When patients had a higher viral titre (B19 DNA detectable by dot blot hybridization) acute manifestations (aplastic crisis, Fifth disease, fevers, pneumonitis) were found. © 1995 Wiiey‐Liss, Inc. © 1995 Wiley

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890460204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo determine the virological factors associated with a favorable long‐term response to interferon‐α (IFN) therapy in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, 61 Japanese patients with chronic HCV infection were treated with IFN for 24 weeks (780 million units in total) and followed for 8 to 16 months after cessation of therapy. Ten patients dropped out because of severe side effects. Of the 51 patients who completed IFN therapy, 23 showed complete and sustained response (CR→SR), 13 complete response with early relapse (CR→Rel), and 15 no response to IFN (NR). For the pretreatment serum HCV RNA level, 20/23 who had CR→SR had

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890460205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe HIV viral burden and RNA expression in a selected group of infected, clinically non‐progressor patients were investigated. Five fast‐progressor patients and 10 AIDS cases were included as controls. The HIV viral load was investigated by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in adherent macrophages and in genomic and extragenomic fractions of lymphocytes. HIV DNA was not found in macrophages in the non‐progressor subjects, was weakly positive in 2 of 5 fast‐progressors and strongly positive in most of the AIDS patients. The number of HIV proviruses found in lymphocytes of the non‐progressor subjects varied from 5 to 160 copies/μg DNA, values ten times lower than those recorded in fast‐progressors and AIDS patients. The extragenomic HIV DNA (2 LTR forms) was absent or barely detectable in the lymphocytes from non‐progressors and abundant in the other groups. HIV RNA was not found in the lymphocytes of all non‐progressors. This may indicate that a latent state of HIV provirus exists in the lymphocytes of these subjects. To investigate this point, cultivation and stimulation with PHA (phytohemoagglutinin) and PMA (phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate) of lymphocytes from these subjects were attempted but after 6 days HIV RNA (RT‐PCR for gag region) was still absent or barely detectable in these patients. There are no other reports of the absence of HIV provirus induction in lymphocytes from infected individuals. If confirmed in a larger number of patients, such non‐inducibility might serve as a predictor marker of progression of the disease. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss,

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890460206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV), the major causative agent of non‐A, non‐B hepatitis, is transmitted by parenteral exposure. Transmission by sexual activity, however, is controversial. Possible behavioral risk factors for HCV infection were studied retrospectively among imprisoned men (n = 201, mean age: 45 years [S.D. 13]) who visited a health service center at a Japanese correctional facility for medical examination. Seropositivity of anti‐HCV antibody was disproportionately high (49.8%) in comparison with volunteer blood donors. Among possible risk factors significant on univariate analysis, intravenous drug abuse and Tama‐Ire, a Japanese custom of sexual behavior that suggests frequent, aggressive or promiscuous heterosexual activity, proved to be independent risk factors for HCV infection (odds ratio = 7.39, 95% CI = 3.41 ‐ 16.05,P<0.0001; odds ratio = 3.16, 95% CI = 1.16 ‐ 8.64,P= 0.026, respectively) as shown by logistic regression analysis. The data suggest that HCV may be transmitted by sexual activity. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. © 1995

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890460207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAdenoviruses are associated with endemic and epidemic acute conjunctivitis, large nosocomial outbreaks reflecting virus transmission on unwashed hands or inadequately sterilised ophthalmic instruments. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) proved more sensitive than antigen detection by immune dot‐blot test for the rapid diagnosis of ocular adenovirus infection (sensitivities in a retrospective study 112/123 (91%) versus 72/123 (59%),P<0.001). Indeed, in a prospective comparison, DNA amplification and virus isolation generated similar numbers of positive results (34 versus 32), though five PCR positive results were possibly false positives. The sensitivity of the PCR was largely independent of adenovirus subgenus or serotype, though reduced sensitivity with subgenus B strains could not be excluded. Specimen preparation for DNA amplification using a simple lysis buffer proved more effective than phenol‐chloroform extraction. The immune dot‐blot test gave unavoidable false positive results, but with the PCR this problem could be minimized by technical modifications. The PCR could replace antigen detection and virus isolation as the initial test for adenoviruses in conjunctival swabs, with cell culture only being retained for adenovirus serotyping in PCR positive specimens and for other viruses such as herpes simplex. © 1995 Wiley‐L

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890460208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUltra violet (UV) light‐inactivated measles virus was used for the lymphocyte proliferation assay, where it caused consistently adult human peripheral blood monolymphocytes (PBML) proliferation which was not dependent on the measles virus complement fixation titre in the donor's sera. When the cord blood lymphocytes from newborn baby and spleen lymphocytes from unprimed Balb/c, C57bl and CBA mice were used in the proliferation assay, all the lymphocytes were stimulated by the UV‐inactivated measles virus in a dose‐dependent manner. These results suggest that: (1) lymphotropic measles virus can also activate lymphocytes in vitro, and (2) this activation appeared to be neither species‐ nor major histocompatibility complex (MHC)‐restricted. These results may have important implications for measles vaccination and the understanding of the immunopathogenesis of measles virus infection. © 1995 Wiley

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890460209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA direct binding enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was established for quantitative determination of serum IgM antibodies towards a synthetic peptide corresponding to a selected segment (14‐21) of the preS2‐gene product containing an immunodominant linear B‐cell epitope. The prevalence of IgM anti‐preS2 (14‐21) antibody titers>1, 000 for hepatitis Beantigen (HBeAg)‐positive patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was 38% (22/58) and 10% (2/21) for HBeAg‐negative subjects (P<0.005).IgM anti‐preS2 (14‐21) reactivity was detected during the clinical course of chronic HBV infection and IgM anti‐peptide antibody titers declined and disappeared before spontaneous HBe/anti‐HBe seroconversion.Recombinant interferon (IFN)‐alpha 2b with an antecedent short course of corticosteroids was administered to eight Chinese patients with chronic HBV infection. The IgM anti‐preS2 (14‐21) reactivity was monitored consecutively during treatment and patients were followed for more than 1 year. A close association between the presence of pretreatment IgM anti‐preS2 (14‐21) in serum and the capacity to respond favorably to the combined prednisone/IFN‐alpha 2b therapy was detected. The IgM anti‐preS2 (14‐21) titers decreased during treatment with subsequent loss of detectable antibodies 8‐16 weeks after the initiation of therapy. This decrease was concomitant with an alanine aminotransferase (ALT) augmentation preceding the disappearance of HBV‐DNA and anti‐HBe seroconversion. Long‐term remission was not observed in treated patients who lacked detectable levels of pretreatment IgM anti‐preS2 (14‐21) in the circulation.These results demonstrate that a substantial cohort of HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B pa‐tients have IgM antibodies towards a synthetic B‐cell epitope representing a dominant antibody binding site within the envelope of HBV. They indicate that IgM anti‐preS2 (14‐21) titers reflect the immunosuppressive effect on IgM secretion during the combined prednisone/IFN‐α 2b therapy. Further studies are needed to determine the usefulness of a quantitative assay for IgM anti‐preS2 (14‐21) measurements in predicting the response to treatment with interferon alone or preceded by a short course of pre

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890460210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVaricella‐zoster virus (VZV) produces a group of nucleocapsid proteins (the p32/p36 nucleoprotein complex) which are the VZV analogues of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) and cy0tomegalovirus (CMV) assembly proteins. There are multiple components in the VZV p32/p36 complex, with major proteins of 32 and 36 kDa and minor proteins of 34 and 38 kDa. In HSV‐1 the assembly proteins have been shown to be present in immature (B) capsids, but are removed prior to the formation of mature (C) capsids containing the viral DNA genome. Our work has shown that VZV produces capsids corresponding to the B and C forms. However, in contrast to HSV‐1, VZV also produces “B/C” capsids that appear to contain both the assembly proteins and the viral DNA genome. Possible mechanisms for this are discussed.In addition, it was shown that VZV capsids appear to lack the 36 and 38 kDa proteins, and based on this observation we suggest that these may represent unprocessed forms of the assembly protein.In both HSV and CMV, a much larger, crossreactive protein has been identified as the fulllength product of the gene coding for the assembly protein. The homologous VZV gene (ORF 33) theoretically has the capacity to produce a 66 kDa protein. However, no such protein is readily apparent in VZV‐infected cells. The presence of an immunoreactive 64 kDa protein was demonstrated in purified VZV capsids which may represent the full‐length ORF 33 protein. © 1995

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890460211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY