摘要:

AbstractA study over a 5‐year period (1979–1983) of RSV infections in children in Sydney, Australia is reported. In common with findings made elsewhere in the world, annual epidemics of RSV infection commencing in autumn and lasting 4–6 months, with peak activity in mid‐winter, were observed in 1979, 1980, and 1983. However, in 1981 and 1982 virus activity was first detected in midsummer, peaked in autumn, and was present throughout most months of the year.The alteration in virus activity in 1981 and 1982 was not associated with changes restricted to these 2 years in factors such as the age groups or sex ratio of patients affected or in the clinical categories predominantly affected. A study of climatic variables, however, indicated unusually low rainfall in 3 of 4 years encompassing this period.Study over a longer period is indicated to determine if these observed alterations in seasonal activity of RSV will be repeated in future years. Any possible relationship of such a change to rainfall could then also be better a

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890190402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn most developing countries, hepatitis B prevention is carried out early in life. In these countries, mobile immunization teams have a limited number of sessions to devote to each rural community; simultaneous administration of multiple antigens is thus normal practice. We compared the immune responses of Senegalese children to the separate or simultaneous injections of yellow fever and hepatitis B vaccines. Injections were given at the time of booster injection for hepatitis B vaccine. Yellow fever antibodies were detected in similar proportions in infants immunized with either yellow fever vaccine alone or yellow fever and hepatitis B vaccines simultaneously. However, a lower proportion of high yellow fever antibody levels were observed when the two vaccines were injected simultaneously. No reduction in the anamnestic response of antibodies against the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus (anti‐HBs) was observed when yellow fever vaccine was injected at the same time as the booster dose of hepatitis B vaccine. Since no untoward reactions were noted, it is concluded that hepatitis B and yellow fever vaccines can be administered at the same tim

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890190403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThree monoclonal antibodies capable of specifically inhibiting hemagglutination of human rotavirus were produced. Their hemagglutination inhibition (HI) activity was specific to the homologous strain (KUN) used for immunization. The monoclonal antibodies with HI activity were highly effective in neutralizing the infectivity of the KUN strain. These antibodies reacted with Vp80, an 80,000 molecular weight (MW) protein present in the viral outer shell. It was confirmed by immunoblotting assay with the monoclonal antibodies that the antigenic site of human rotavirus hemagglutinin (HA) resides on Vp80 and on its smaller trypsin cleavage products Vp30 (MW 30,000) and Vp24 (MW 24,000). Immunofluorescence studies using the antibodies revealed that the HA antigen of the KUN strain developed at the final stage of virus maturation.

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890190404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeropositivity to the AIDS‐associated retrovirus, HTLV‐IIULAV, has profound implications. Simple and reliable tests are needed to detect such antibodies. A rapid, sensitive indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) on acetone‐fixed virusproducing CEM/LAV‐N1 cells was adapted for detection of human antibodies to HTLV‐III/LAV. Specific and nonspecific patterns of immunofluorescent reactivity were easily distinguished, and results paralleled those obtained by Western blotting and radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP), indicating that there is no need to confirm IFA positivity. In contrast, the commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was less reliable. False positives occurred with sera from seven hemophiliacs that were negative on Western blots, and false‐negative reactions were observed on two occasions. These involved low‐titer AIDS‐patients' sera that were positive on Western blots, and from one of which virus was successfully isolated. Our results emphasize the requirement for confirmatory assays when the ELISA test is used for primary screening of sera for antibodies to HTLV‐LII/LAV.The IFA method is especially well‐suited to quantitative analysis of serum antibody levels. Our data suggest that serum antibody titers rise as disease progression occurs, ultimately falling as severe complications ensue.It is suggested that in laboratories where the demand for HTLV‐III/LAV antibody testing is not excessive (1,000–2,000 serahonth), IFA could serve as the only serological assay for both screening and

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890190405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLAV/HTLV‐III/AAV viruses were isolated from 20 German patients with ARC/ AIDS in order to investigate strain variation. Virus was isolated from the peripheral blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in umbilical cord peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) cultures. Isolates were identified by their cytopathic effect (CPE), by reverse transcriptase assays on cell‐free infected culture supernatant fluid (SNF), and one or more of the following: immunofluorescence assays on infected cells for viral antigen using HTLV‐I11 reference sera, Western blot analysis of cell‐free infected culture SNF, electron microscopy of infected cells, and Southern blot restriction analysis and specific HTLV‐I11 probing of DNA extracted from infected cultured PBL. The isolates could be classified into three groups according to differences in growth rate and cytopathic effect: Most showed what was regarded as the typical CPE, while some either grew rapidly and induced a striking CPE and others grew slowly with minimal CPE. In one patient, virus producing typical CPE was isolated from the peripheral blood while the isolate from his filtered cell‐free CSF produced atypical slow CPE, suggesting that antigenic variation may occur with persistent infection or that superinfection may occur. Southern blot DNA restriction analysis of the DNA of three selected isolates showed that two of the isolates were similar but that the restriction pattern of all three differed from patterns previously published. Our results supplement the accumulating evidence of genetic variation among LAV/HTLV‐I11 strains. The extent of this variation needs to be evaluated for any effect on the sensitivity of diagnostic tests, on the strategy of vaccine development, on tissue tropism by altering the viral surface receptor‐binding sites, and possibly on the development of specif

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890190406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn analysis of 32 hospitalized infants and children from whom rhinoviruses were isolated in our diagnostic laboratories in 1982–83 suggests that these agents are associated with lower respiratory tract disease with focal findings in susceptible patients. In 23 cases, an acute lower respiratory disease was the cause for admission, while nine patients were cultured after new respiratory symptoms developed during hospitalization. Presenting signs and symptoms included cough (23), fever (19), rhinorrhea (19), respiratory distress (14), and decreased feeding (15). Seventeen of 25 chest x‐rays showed new focal abnormalities. Twenty‐five patients had a significant underlying disease including seven with malignancies, six with respiratory tract abnormalities, and four with congenital heart lesions. Six of the remaining seven patients were less than 2% months of age. In no cases were significant bacterial or fungal pathogens isolated; two did have concomitant viral isolates. Rhinoviruses in the appropriate clinical setting are associated with significant pulmonary di

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890190407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlkali‐dissociated, purified preparations of prototype coxsackievirus B4 release a protein kinase that catalyzes the incorporation of gamma‐phosphate from32Plabeled ATP into three virus capsid proteins (VP1, VP3, VP4), several additional proteins of the particle, and exogenous acceptor proteins. Using protamine sulfate as an acceptor protein, we detected nearly 20‐fold more enzyme activity in membrane‐bound virions (MBV) than in virions of the virus. The activity in the MBV is cyclic nucleotide‐independent, divalent cation‐dependent, and has a pH optimum of 8.0. Phosphoserine is labeled with32P. The enzyme activity sediments at about 5S and is separated into at least two peaks of heterogeneous proteins by ion‐exchange chromatography. The patterns of phosphorylation by these enzyme peaks are somewhat similar. Coxsackievirus‐associated protein kinase appears to be located internally in the virus and may be host‐cell‐coded. The enzyme appears to be lacking in a variant of the virus that produc

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890190408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractN‐Acetylethyleneimine (AEI) was used to inactivate the avirulent Togavirus Semliki Forest virus (A774 strain) grown in chick embryo, Vero, and brain cell cultures. The purity of the virus preparation affected the kinetics of inactivation. The rate of inactivation increased with a rise in temperature from 5 to 40°C and in concentration of AEI from 0.025 to 0.1%.The resultant vaccine was inoculated into adult mice to test its antigenicity and into suckling mice to test for the presence of infective virus. Semliki Forest virusspecific IgG was produced equal to that of mice given live virus, and mice were protected against the lethal SFV L10 strain. No suckling mice died, and the brains of the adult mice showed no patholo

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890190409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA commercial antibody capture enzyme immunoassay (Rubenz M) was compared to two commercial indirect enzyme immunoassays (Enzygnost IgM, Rubazyme‐M) for the detection of rubella‐specific IgM. Five hundred and fifty‐two sera collected between the day of onset and 272 days after the onset of the exanthem of primary rubella were tested. Rubenz M was more sensitive early and late after the onset of the exanthem than the two indirect ELISAs. Rubenz M also appeared more sensitive when 240 sera were examined from patients with possible rubella in pregnancy, reinfection in pregnancy, suspected intrauterine infection, and recent vaccination. However, 5.5% of 968 pregnant women with no history of rubellalike symptoms or recent vaccination, the majority with elevated HAI titers, gave a low‐positive or borderline result with Rubenz M. None of these women delivered a congenitally infected child. Therefore, borderline and low‐positive results must be interpreted with caution, as for any assay for rubella‐s

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890190410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody capture assay (GACRIA) methodologically distinct from other assays for the detection of antibodies to human T‐lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy‐associated virus (anti‐HTLV III/LAV) was developed and used to test 1,055 serum samples previously screened by a competitive assay (COMPRIA). Eight hundred and twenty‐three (78%) sera were positive and 129 (12.2%) negative in both assays. The coefficient of correlation between the two assays was 0.87, and COMPRIA appeared more sensitive than GACRIA. On retesting 103 sera that gave initially conflicting results, 81 discrepancies were resolved, 77 because of a change in the COMPRIA result. The 22 persistently discrepant samples gave an equivocal or positive result by COMPRIA and were negative by GACRIA. Thirteen of these 22 were positive in a commercial ELISA (ELAVIA). Twenty of them were also tested by Western blot; all were reactive with at least two HTLV III/LAV protein bands. The persistently discrepant samples were of four types: 1) laboratory control sera (n = 2); 2) naturally occurring weakly reactive samples (n = 5); 3) samples that were anti‐HTLV IU/ LAV IgG negative but IgM positive (n = 5; all five individuals from whom these samples were drawn were symptomatic); 4) samples from one laboratory that were probably accidentally contaminated with anti‐HTLV III/LAV‐positive serum (n = 10).It was concluded that GACRZA for anti‐HTLV III/LAV is specific and adequately sensitive and, in conjunction with other assays, is a useful confirmatory test whose format could readily be c

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890190411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY