摘要:

AbstractIn October 1977 an outbreak of acute infectious diarrhea occurred in an infant home in the city of Sapporo, Japan. Of 34 residents aged two to 20 months, 26 (77%) suffered from diarrhea. In ten of these patients the diarrhea was accompanied by vomiting. Electron microscopic examinations revealed typical calicivirus particles in eight faecal specimens, seven of which were from the group of 26 affected patients (28%)Faecal specimens were obtained from only 25 of the 26 affected infants.and one of which was from the group of eight infants without symptoms (13%). Immune electron microscopy tests for antibody responses against one of the isolated strains of calicivirus were carried out on 27 paired pre‐ and post‐outbreak sera. Sero‐conversions were demonstrated in 18 of 19 (95%) affected infants and in six of eight (75%) unaffected infants. One patient with lack of antibody response was the youngest child‐two months old. Periodic surveys on enteric viruses circulating in the home revealed that calicivirus was specifically associated with the outbreak of gastroenteritis. These observations provide further evidence for the causative role of calicivirus in acute gastroenteritis in c

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890040402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA four‐layer radioimmunoassay (RIA) using polystyrene beads as the solid phase, anti‐rota guinea pig IgG as primary antibody, anti‐rota rabbit IgG as secondary antibody, and125I‐labelled sheep anti‐rabbit immunoglobulin as indicator antibody has been developed for the detection of human rotavirus in stool specimens. A comparison was made of the developed RIA, routine electron microscopy, and research electron microscopy of 147 unconcentrated stool specimens from patients with infantile gastroenteritis. In routine electron microscopy 17 (11.6%) false‐positive or false‐negative results were obtained when compared with research electron microscopy. Each specimen positive in research electron microscopy was positive in RIA, and six additional RIA positives were found from 58 electron microscopy negative specimens. A confirmatory test was necessary to find out marginally positive but nonspecific reactions in RIA. The developed radioimmunoassay is slightly more sensitive than research electron microscopy of unconcentrated stool specimens and considerably more sensitive and more specific than routine electr

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890040403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMurine Y‐1 cells, a continuous epithelial cell line derived from an adrenal adenocarcinoma, are highly susceptible to murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection. Inoculation of these cells with MCMV results in production of infectious virus and is associated with development of both cytopathic changes and the expression of viral‐specific nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens. Examination of the ultrastructure of infected Y‐1 cells reveals MCMV in various stages of replication. Cytomegalovirus replication in this hormone‐responsive epithelial cell line should provide a model system in which virus‐host cell interactions and their effects on cellular metabolism can b

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890040404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA study of two different virus types after elution from immunosorbent columns by sodium thiocyanate has shown that virus degradation occurs. The two virus types studied were hepatitis B and rotavirus. Hepatitis B antigen (HBAg) was only slowly degraded and retained many of its morphological features, although in an altered form; rotavirus was highly sensitive to the chaotropic agent, losing both its viability and its morphological integrity. During the process of disassembly a previously undetected inner component of rotavirus could be visualised, which was termed the “core

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890040405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThree type‐specific hemagglutinins of adenovirus (AV) 4 were purified, tested for various activities, and used as immunogens in rabbits. The components were purified by anion exchange and exclusion chromatographies to purification factors of 33, 20, and 37, respectively, and were identified as fiber (polypeptide, mol wt 70,000; incomplete hemagglutinin), penton (mol wt>400,000; incomplete hemagglutinin; possession of cytotoxic activity), and dodecon (mol wt ≫ 400,000; complete hemagglutinin; appearance by electron microscopy), Rabbit antisera to these hemagglutinating components possessed type‐specific hemagglutination‐inhibition and serum neutralization antibodies and were thoroughly evaluated for potency and specificity in immunodiffusion (ID), immunoelectrophoresis, and counterelectrophoresis (CE) tests. The anti‐fiber and anti‐dodecon sera were highly type‐specific in ID and CE tests with a battery of commonly isolated AV serotypes; the anti‐penton serum was similarly specific after it was absorbed with AV 2 hexons. These sera were thus proved to be suitable reagents for use in both the routine diagnostic ID test and the mor

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890040406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo investigate further the problem of salivary transmission of type B hepatitis, salivas free of blood contamination from three HBsAg‐positive carriers with chronic active hepatitis were examined by CsCl equilibrium density gradients and electron microscopy (EM). In the CsCl gradient HBsAg of whole salivas distributed in a band centered at 1.19 gm/cm3with a clearly defined shoulder at 1.24 gm/cm3; the HBsAg was found mainly in the mucous component. On EM examination, fractions from the 1.19 gm/cm3peak contained spherical HBsAg particles of 22+mn3 nm diameter, whereas in the 1.24 gm/cm3shoulder Dane particles 43 nm in diameter with 28 nm cores were found. Specific hepatitis B virus associated DNA‐polymerase activity also was found in the 1.24 gm/cm3shoulder where the Dane particles occurred and was absent from the saliva of healthy controls. When salivas were incubated for three hours at 37°C the total amount of HBsAg diminished and the 1.24 gm/cm3shoulder disappeared, probably as a result of endogenous degradation of the Dane particles and the free HBsAg. These findings clearly indicate that the hepatitis B viral particle is present in the saliva of chronic HBsAg carriers with active disease and further confirm that saliva is an important vehicle of infec

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890040407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA solid‐phase radioimmunoassay has been used successfully for detecting hepatitis B e antigen in fractionated hepatitis B virus‐containing serum. Ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by gel filtration through a column of Sepharose CL‐6B resulted in two fractions of antigen‐containing material with molecular weights of 220,000 and 130,000. The smaller of these two fractions was found to possess an average isoelectric point of 4.9 and consisted of two major polypeptide species with estimated molecular weights of 66,000 and 17,000 respectively. Affinity chromatography on Blue Sepharose showed that e antigen was not retained under conditions which bound serum albumin. These results are discussed in relation to the immunopathogenesis of hepa

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890040408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPoliovirus type 1 (Mahoney strain) has been purified by retention on a Sepharose 4B‐antibody column and elution with 3M K thiocyanate. The virus was recovered in excellent yield and its purity was as high as that achieved by detergent treatment followed by sucrose gradient centrifugation. The column could be re‐used and its capacity was sufficiently high to make it a useful method for the purification of milligram quantities of the vi

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890040409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCalicivirus was detected in 8 (1.2%) of 647 hospitalized patients during a survey of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children, conducted between December 1974 and September 1977. Morphologically calicivirus was approximately 30 nm in diameter with an easily recognizable staining “star of David” configuration. Its buoyant density in cesium chloride was 1.38–1.40 gm/ml. The serologic response to calicivirus by immune electron microscopy (IEM) was demonstrated only in paired sera from patients who shed the virus in their stools. The results suggest that calicivirus might be a cAUse of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young chi

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890040410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe protocols of three placebo‐controlled, randomized, double‐blind clinical trials to assess the efficacy of an inactivated hepatitis B vaccine in dialysis patients and staff, and in male homosexuals are described. Based on the projected attack rates of HBV in the controls, the vaccine efficacy and rates of loss to follow‐up, over three thousand participants followed for at least twelve months are required to prove the efficacy of the vaccine. The results of longterm baseline studies in these populations are also rev

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890040411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY