摘要:

AbstractWe have evaluated a number of methodological variables effecting the expression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 93 healthy anti‐HIV‐positive and 72 healthy seronegative subjects. For optimal HIV recovery, PBMCs had to be freshly separated from whole blood. Short‐term freezing of purified PBMCs was practically advantageous and actually resulted in more rapid virus recovery. The minimal number of PBMCs necessary for virus expression was determined by dilutional cultures and varied from 102to 106cells. HIV expression was demonstrated initially at the cellular level by immunocytochemical detection of HIV core and envelope proteins using a mixture of monoclonal antibodies, subsequently confirmed by detection of viral antigens and reverse transcriptase (RT) in the culture supernatants. HIV recovery was not improved following induction with 5‐iodo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (IUDR) and only marginally improved following depletion of the CD8+‐suppressor cell population in the PBMC specimens. The overall frequency of HIV detection in cultures was 84% in healthy seropositive subjects, whereas none of the PBMCs from 72 seronegative persons yielded

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890250102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo determine the prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) genotypes in relation to cervical cytology, 1,290 cervical samples from a regularly screened population of 30‐55‐year‐old women were investigated. Gynaecological specimens, obtained from the cervix, were cytologically classified and screened for the presence of HPVs 6/11 and 16/18 using dot‐spot DNA hybridisation. Of the cervical samples containing unequivocally normal cells, 21 of 1,271 (1.6%) were found positive for HPV, and of the cervical samples containing cells with mild dysplasia, 6 of 14 (43%) were found positive for HPV. All five samples containing cells consistent with severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ were found positive for HPV. Approximately 50% of the HPV positive samples contained HPV 16 and/or HPV

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890250103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples from 17 patients seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were analysed for specific IgG1‐4 against HIV and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Measles IgG was studied as a reference to detect blood‐brain barrier (BBB) defects. All patients had IgG1 antibodies against HIV in both CSF and serum, and all had CMV IgG1 in serum (16 in CSF). Anti‐HIV IgG was synthesised intrathecally in 11 patients, IgG3 in three patients, and IgG4 in three patients. Intrathecal production of anti‐CMV IgCl was found in three patients, IgG2 in one, IgC3 in three, and IgG4 in one. Intrathecal anti‐HIV IgG synthesis could be demonstrated in all stages of the disease. Analysis of all IgG subclasses allowed intrathecal HIV and/or IgG production to be detected also in patients in whom intrathecally synthesised IgG was restricted to IgG2, 3, or 4. The expression of HIV‐specific IgG subclasses in CSF and serum was more restricted in AIDS patients than in HIV‐infected persons without clinical AIDS. On the contrary, the largest number of CMV‐specific IgG subclasses was found in AIDS patients. Intrathecal HIV or CMV IgG subclass production was seen both with and without neurological symptoms. The peripheral T4 cell counts were not obviously related to neurological symptoms. Even patients with low peripheral T4 cell counts had evidence of intrathecal antibody synthesis against HIV and sometimes CMV, suggesting a retained helper function of T cells in the central

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890250104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA multivariate assay was developed for detecting lymphproliferative responses to rotavirus in whole blood and breast milk. Detection of lymphocyte transformation in samples from healthy uninfected adults required an assay incorporating a large number of antigen and cell concentrations and several incubation periods before pulsing. In contrast, lymphoproliferation to rotavirus was observed over a wider range of these variables in blood collected from a kidney recipient nine days post‐rotavirus infection. Lymphoproliferation to rotavirus was detected in 32.5% of breast milk samples tested. The magnitude of lymphoproliferation to rotavirus did not correlate with rotavirus‐specific IgG ELISA antibody titres in sera or with rotavirus‐specific IgA ELISA antibody titres in breast

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890250105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn comparison with healthy adults, elderly patients and patients who had received renal transplants had significantly lower lymphoproliferative responses to rotavirus (P = 0.04, P = 0.002, respectively) and phytohaemagglutinin (P = 0.001). However, following acute rotavirus infection, elderly persons mounted good lymphoproliferative and specific antibody responses to rotavirus. No lymphoproliferative response or specific antibody to rotavirus was detected in a child with cartilage hair hypoplasia. In cord blood samples, specific antibodies were detected in the absence of a lymphoproliferative response to rotavirus. Increases in lymphoproliferative responses as well as specific antibodies were not detected in immune adult recipients of a human rotavirus vaccine (RIT 4375), but a recipient of a bovine vaccine (RIT 4237) had an increase in lymphoproliferative response to rotavirus between 13 and 28 days postvaccination. Stimulation indices for both rotavirus and phytohaemagglutinin within the vaccine groups were comparable to the healthy laboratory personnel group.

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890250106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeventy‐seven consecutive HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis patients were studied from 1971 to 1983 to establish the seroconversion rate in the e system. Patients with less than a year of follow‐up were not included in the study. Fifty‐six patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) received immunosuppressive treatment (corticosteroids combined with azathioprine). The remaining twenty‐one patients received no treatment, nine of them with chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) and 12 with CAH. A retrospective study was performed with stored sera samples: HBeAg and anti‐HBe were determined by RIA, and results were correlated with alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) levels in the same samples. The linearized seroconversion rate from HBeAg to anti‐HBe was expressed as percent per patient‐year. It was 9.6% in CPH patients and 8.8% in CAH patients without treatment. In CAH patients under immunosuppressive drugs it was as low as 1.1% and increased to 28.7% when treatment was withdrawn. ALAT levels were significantly lower in total seroconverted patients when compared with nonseroconverted (NS) patients, but no difference was found between partial seroconverted (PS) and NS patients. The results suggest that although immunosuppressive drug withdrawal may enhance seroconversion rate in type B CAH, delayed seroconversion and reported side effects during treatment stand against protracted usage

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890250107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEnterovirus type and group specificities of five different IgG ELISA methods were compared, using neutralization titration tests as an indicator of the presence or absence of antibodies to coxsackie B (CB) viruses.One of the ELISA assays was a “standard” IgG assay, where the solid phase was coated directly with the purified virus, followed by incubations with human serum, biotinylated anti‐human‐IgG, streptavidin‐peroxidase, and the substrate/chromogen In a modified standard assay, blocking of common epitopes was attempted by incubating the CBI virus antigen on the solid phase with a rabbit antiserum to CB5 before the human serum was added. In another modification the serum dilution buffer contained heat‐denatured heterologous enteroviruses in an attempt to consume human antibodies reacting with common epitopes. In one assay the purified CBl virus was captured by purified horse anti‐CB1 IgG on the solid phase, before incubation with human serum. In the last of the five assays the serum specimen was incubated with CBl virus (in the liquid phase) before the virus or virus‐antibody complex was captured with purified horse anti‐CB1‐IgG.Reactions against common antigens dominated in the first three assays. The antigen‐capture assay appeared to be at least predominantly type specific. Our data indicate that the liquid‐phase assay may be type specific, but more studies are needed. The method of virus purification was critical for the type specificity of the antigencapture

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890250108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMonocytes separated from blood specimens of healthy voluntary blood donors were infected with herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 or 2. The amount of interferon produced by the HSV‐exposed monocytes was found to be donor‐specific and was similar whether tested with HSV 1 or HSV 2. The interferon levels in repeated blood specimens from a given donor were relatively stable within an observation period of a few months. The survey was expanded by testing 27 persons with history of recurrent herpes disease and 16 control persons without such history. HSV‐exposed monocytes of the controls produced significantly higher amounts of interferon than those of the patients with lesions of recurrent herpes (mean levels 145 and 58 IU/ml, respectively; P<0.05). A correlation was also found between the antibody status of the cell donor and the capability of the monocytes to produce interferon when infected with HSV 1 or HSV 2: the interferon responses of monocytes of seronegative cell donors were significantly higher than those of cultures from donors with complement fixing antibodies against HSV (P<

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890250109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo determine the current incidence of hepatitis B core antibody (anti‐HEk) in a healthy blood donor population, 1,893 donors were screened for anti‐HBc. Forty‐one (2.16%) were found to be initially positive and 35 (1.85%) repeatably positive. Sera from the repeatably positive donors were further screened for hepatitis B surface antibody (anti‐HBs), and hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV DNA) by dot hybridisation. The repeatably positive donors were subsequently recalled for further investigation, and their peripheral blood lymphoyctes were also screened for HBV DNA by dot hybridisation. Eighteen (51.4%) of the anti‐HBc‐positive donors were also anti‐HBs‐positive. HBV DNA was not detected in the serum or the lymphocytes of any of the anti‐HB

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890250110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeventy‐six strains of adenovirus type 37 (AV37), isolated during a period of 10 years from 73 patients on three continents, were analysed with eight DNA restriction endonucleases. Strains identical with the prototype (56 strains) prevailed; four deviating genome types were found, which differed only slightly from the prototype, with one exception. Half of the strains were tested in detail by neutralisation and haemagglutination inhibition. Minor differences in neutralisation were not reflected by differences in DNA restriction patterns. In comparison to genome types of other subgenera, field strains of adenovirus 37 showed only a moderate genetic variabilit

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890250111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY