摘要:

AbstractTo study the usefulness of IgM hepatitis B core antibody (anti‐HBc IgM) for detecting hepatitis B virus infections in infants of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier mothers, serial serum samples from 86 infants of carrier mothers were tested for anti‐HBc IgM with a highly specific enzyme immunoassay. Asymptomatic hepatitis B infection occurred frequently in infants under 12 mo of age. Anti‐HBc IgM never became positive in 25 infants infected under 9 mo old. It was positive in only 1 of 6 infected at 9 mo and 4 of 13 infected at 12 mo of age. The IgM antibody lasted for less than 6 mo. Although the infection was delayed in 28 infants receiving hepatitis B immune globulin, the poor anti‐HBc IgM response did not seem to be due to the immune prophylaxis. Our study clearly indicates the limitation of anti‐HBc IgM for detecting acute hepatitis B infection in infants born to HBsAg carrie

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890160402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSerologic diagnosis of influenza is an important but imperfect tool. During an outbreak of natural H1N1 A/USSR/77 infection, volunteers who received either amantadine, rimantadine, or placebo were tested to determine serologic response to infection by four different antibody techniques. Hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and complement fixation (CF) were least sensitive, detecting only about half of the virus‐positive subjects, whereas neutralization detected 81 % and enzyme‐linked immune peroxidase (ELISA) detected 95 %. Failure to detect significant antibody response was associated with a higher titer of antibody in acute serum specimens and with a history of receipt of A/New Jersey/76 Hsw1N1 vaccine. Although antibody response measured by ELISA was of lower magnitude in vaccinees, it still was sufficient to be diagnostic. Thus, in situations where there is no access to viral isolation facilities, ELISA antibody techniques appear to be an excellent measure of assessing the rate of influenza infect

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890160403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe IgG‐subclass specific antibody response was investigated in primary RS‐virus infections in infants and small children by using an ELISA with monoclonal antibodies against the four human IgG subclasses. When 78 serum samples obtained from 21 patients during the first 3–4 mo following the onset of illness were studied, only IgG‐1 and IgG‐3 antibodies could be detected. Both of these subclass specific antibodies appeared during the second week following the beginning of illness. Approximately 4 wk after the onset of illness, IgG‐1 antibodies reached maximum levels, which persisted during the following months. Approximately 3 wk after the onset of illness, IgG‐3 antibodies reached maximum levels, which decreased during the following months. Both IgG‐1 and IgG‐3 antibodies showed neut

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890160404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe variation according to age of RS‐virus IgG‐subclass specific antibodies was investigated by ELISA in 140 acute phase sera from 140 infants and children 1–47 mo of age who were hospitalized with acute respiratory disease. Sixty‐nine of these serum samples were obtained from patients with RS‐virus infections. Mean OD values of IgG‐1 antibodies decreased corresponding to the decrease in maternal antibodies. In patients with RS‐virus infections, the mean IgG‐1 OD values increased in children who were 3 yr old, but in patients without RS‐virus infections this increase was observed in children at 1 yr of age. RS‐virus IgG‐3 antibodies were detected only in children 1–3 yrs of age, and only in 18% of samples from children without RS‐virus infections. The concept of the transient nature of RS‐virus IgG‐3 antibodies as compared with RS‐virus IgG‐1 antibodies is supported by these results.RS‐virus subclass specific antibodies were studied in paired serum samples from 12 infants 1–5 mo of age with acute lower RS‐virus disease. IgG‐1 antibodies developed in six infants, but only in one of six infants aged 1–3 mo. IgG‐3 antibodies developed in nine infants, including four of six infants who were 1–3 mo old. These results suggest that in small infants with RS‐virus infections the detection of IgG‐3 antibodies is of higher diag

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890160405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUrine from 19 chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers was tested for markers of HBV infection. Hepatitis B surface and e antigens were excreted in the urine of about one‐half of the patients, but not in any consistent pattern. HBV DNA, a much more sensitive indicator of infectivity, was found in only one specimen and then in very low concentration. We conclude that urine of chronic HBV carriers is not a major vehicle for the transmission of hepatitis

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890160406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEnzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays were used to detect IgG and IgA antibodies to herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella‐zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and rubella virus in sera from 68 adult female gynaecological patients. Of the patients who had virus‐specific IgG antibodies, the proportion who also had virus‐specific IgA was 98% for HSV, 75% for VZV, 73% for rubella virus, and 42% for CMV. IgA antibodies to all four viruses were only found when specific IgG antibodies were also detected in the serum. These results suggest that virus‐specific IgA may persist for several years; possible explanations for this are

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890160407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe developed a solid phase enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting IgG antibodies to BK virus (BKV). This test was compared to two haemagglutination inhibition methods, one using receptor‐destroying enzyme and the other NaIO4to remove nonspecific inhibitors. The results show that this single dilution ELISA is a sensitive and specific test. The inherent advantages of this method make it an attractive alternative for the seroepidemiology of

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890160408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo detect cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections, a total of 1,074 cultures of urine, saliva, or blood were collected weekly from 43 consecutive patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Twenty‐three patients were seronegative before transplant and primary infection occurred in 2 (9%). Twenty patients were initially seropositive and recurrent infections occurred in 5 (25%). Three patients in the recurrent group had proven CMV pneumonitis; viraemia was detected in two recipients, while the third had CMV isolated only from bronchial lavage fluid.The serological response of the 43 patients was defined by testing 559 serial sera for specific IgG and IgM antibodies by radioimmunoassay. Passive acquisition of IgG antibodies from blood products was found in 78% of initially seronegative recipients. One patient with primary infection responded in a pattern typical of immunocompetent individuals with long‐term production of specific IgG and transient production of specific IgM antibodies. The second patient also had a typical response, but this was delayed until several weeks after the start of virus excretion. In patients with recurrent infections, specific IgM production did not correlate with episodes of virus excretion. Three of five such patients failed to mount a specific IgM response, and these were the only patients in the study to develop CMV pneumonitis.We conclude that CMV infection in bone marrow recipients can only be diagnosed by detection of virus; therefore, the ability of these patients to mount humoral immune responses should not be relied upon for diagnostic purpo

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890160409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in urine using monoclonal antibodies directed against CMV as a capture for viral antigen. The assay was capable of detecting virus at 102.3TCID50/ml as determined by titration of stock virus, strain Ad169.The assay was found to have a sensitivity of 65% and a specificity of 100% when 73 coded stored urine specimens were examined. Assuming that the poor sensitivity was due to loss of antigen following storage, we proceeded to analyse fresh urine specimens. Surprisingly, the assay gave negative results with 46 fresh urines known to contain CMV; however, following storage at +4°C for two weeks, 35 (76%) of these samples gave ELISA results in the positive range. This detection of CMV, after storage at +4°C, could be due to degradation of virus particles leading to release of soluble glycoproteins into the medium or to the presence of an inhibitory substance in fresh urine that is destroyed during stor

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890160410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn indirect ELISA and an inhibition ELISA were developed for the detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and CMV‐specific total immunoglobulin, respectively. Both assays were more specific than the complement fixation (CF) test, and titres of positive sera were 660 times higher by IgG ELISA and 6 times higher by inhibition ELISA than titres by the CF test. Titres by IgG ELISA were reliably determined using the absorbance obtained at a single serum dilution of 1/1,000 in conjunction with a standard graph. Both ELISAs compared favourably with each other in sensitivity and specificity in determining CMV immune status. The inhibition ELISA, in particular, provides a simple and reliable method of screening sera, which requires no control antigen or predilution of sera. It should prove useful for large‐scale screening procedures, such as blood donor te

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890160411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY