摘要:

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies were used for detecting varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) by immunofluorescence (IF) in clinical specimens inoculated on shell vial cultures. Vesicles of 74 patients with varicella or herpes zoster‐like eruptions were tested by this method and by conventional cell culture. Further diagnostic tests were direct IF on smears (42 patients), the cytological Tzanck test (28 patients), and serology (30 patients). Both IF assays were performed with the commercial VZV‐specific monoclonal antibody 3B3 (Ortho). Using the shell vial technique, we found VZV in 37 (50%) of the patients, on average after 3 days. The conventional culture method yielded 26 positives (35%), on average after 7.5 days.Twenty‐nine of the shell vial IF‐positive patients were also positive by direct IF on smears (30 tested), while 15 gave positive Tzanck smears (18 tested). The sensitivities of the shell vial IF test, the direct IF test, the conventional culture method, and the Tzanck test were about 95%, 97%, 70%, and 79%, respectively. For the specificities, we found at least 97% for the shell vial IF test, at least 91% for the direct IF test, and about 78% for the Tzanck test. We conclude that both VZV IF tests are much more reliable than the conventional cell culture method and the Tzanck test for the laboratory diagnosis of VZV i

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890280102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA peptide was synthesized containing the entire 55 amino acid residue sequence of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen preS2 region (adsubtype). The unconjugated peptide was inoculated into four chimpanzees. Following multiple injections, all of the animals developed specific antipeptide antibodies that reacted with intact surface antigen particles bearing the preS2 moiety. All four peptide‐inoculated animals were found to be protected from infection after intravenous challenge with live HBV of either theadoraysubtype

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890280103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo chimpanzees were born to parents with chronic non‐A, non‐B hepatitis and remained with their mothers until 12 and 18 months, respectively. The infants were followed from 7 to 8 weeks of age with biweekly or monthly blood samples and with monthly liver biopsies from 4 to 7 months after birth. Another chimpanzee, along with both of its parents, was held throughout the parents' acute infection with non‐A, non‐B hepatitis; at this time the infant was 14–16 months of age, and it was followed with biweekly blood samples and monthly biopsies from the time of potential exposure for 20 months. No abnormalities indicative of non‐A, non‐B hepatitis were detected in these animals. During the 29 to 35 months of follow‐up, alanine aminotransferases and gamma glutamyl‐transferases (GGPT) levels remained well within normal range for animals held in the same facility. Histologic and electron microscopic examination of liver tissue revealed

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890280104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of topical applications of crystalline lysine therapy on cutaneous herpes simplex virus (HSV) inoculations and subsequent dorsal root ganglia (DRG) infection was studied in male Hartley guinea pigs. Although HSV‐I was recovered from the inoculated sites from all animals, the L‐lysine‐treated skin remained clinically normal, whereas untreated controls manifested clinical symptoms up to 3 days postinoculation (p.i.). However, cocultivation of DRG (C1‐S1) indicated a selective tropism of infective particles to specific DRG in the groups treated with amino acids. In lysine‐treated animals, HSV was recovered from a few DRG (T‐12, T‐13, and L‐1) at 3 days p.i. and from DRG T‐10 in leucine‐treated controls; yet no HSV was recovered from DRG of untreated controls. These results suggest an immunomodulatory effect of L‐lysine on inoculation site infections and the possible potentiation of subsequent DRG manifestation in amin

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890280105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe presence of anti‐human immunodeficiency virus 1 antibodies was tested in 5,565 serum samples from Ethiopia of which 5,265 were collected from military recruits in the framework of a hepatitis B (HBV) seroepidemiological study performed on a national scale in 1985–1986; the remaining were 300 sera from a population of outpatients belonging to the Arsi region.Of the 5,565 sera, 121 (2.1%) were found to be repeatedly reactive by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test for HIV‐1 antibodies, but these reactivities were confirmed by Western Blot (WB) assay in only four cases (0.07%) and by ENVACOR (confirmatory competitive ELISA) in three samples. Twenty‐three sera were positive by WB to one or two bands related to core proteins but were all negative by ENVACOR. However, according to accepted criteria for positivity, these sera must be regarded as indeterminant reactors.A sample of 409 sera, both reactive and nonreactive by HIV‐1 ELISA, were further tested for antibodies to HIV‐2 by ELISA. Reactive sera were analysed by WB and by radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) using35S‐cysteine metabolically labelled SIVmac(HTLV‐IV) infected cell lysates. Only 11 sera were found to be slightly reactive in ELISA, but this was not confirmed by WB or RIPA.Data indicate that HIV infection was not widespread in the general population of Et

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890280106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCurrent developments in the use of radiolabelled antiviral drugs as specific “probes” for virus‐infected cells in vivo may allow the specific neuroradiological diagnosis of herpes encephalitis. As “blind therapy” with the antiviral drug acyclovir may precede specific neuroradiological diagnosis, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether or not acyclovir interferes with the uptake of the radioprobe E‐5‐(2‐125lodovinyl)‐2′‐deoxyuridine (rlVDU) by virusinfected cells in vitro. Acyclovir treatment (0.1 to 10 m̈g/ml) was shown to increase initial radioprobe uptake by virus‐infected cells. However, with continued incubation in the presence of acyclovir, intracellular radioactivity decreased to a level not significantly different from that associated with noninfected cells. A mechanism to explain these results is proposed. It was concluded that concurrent acyclovir therapy could interfere with neuroradiological diagnosis using rlVDU, although this may not occur with all the candidate radioprobes curre

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890280107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAntibody responses to varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) deoxythymidine kinase (dTK) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) dTK in homologous and heterologous infections were studied. Antibodies blocking the enzymatic activity of VZV‐dTK appeared late after varicella and decreased more or less in parallel with the decreasing complement fixing [CF] titre. In herpes zoster, on the other hand, antibodies to VZV‐dTK appeared soon after infection. Antibodies against HSV dTKs appeared long after primary infection, but they were subsequently present in all other HSVCF positive sera. In recurrent HSV, all acute sera were already HSV‐dTK antibody positive, and three of nine persons showed an increase in titer between their acute and convalescent sera. Blocking antibodies to VZV‐dTK appeared rapidly in specimens from three of 18 individuals positive by an immunofluorescence VZV‐immunity test during HSV infection, whereas all other specimens remained devoid of blocking antibodies against VZV‐dTK. A rise in antibody titre against HSV‐dTK during VZV infections was observed in serum specimens from three of 13 HSV‐CF positive patients, whereas an antibody response against HSV‐dTK was not found in HSV‐CF negative individuals in conection with VZV infections. The relevance of the sporadic increase in the titres of antibodies against heterologous vi

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890280108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFifty infectious mononucleosis (IM) and 150 noninfectious mononucleosis (non‐IM) sera were tested by a hemadsorption immunocapture test (HIT) for the detection of heterophile antibodies of IgM, IgA, and IgE classes. The specificity of Paul‐Bunnell (PB) antibodies was ascertained by a differential absorption test. IgM PB‐antibodies were demonstrated in 100% of IM sera, IgA in 92%, and IgE in 88%. PB antibodies were present only in IM sera; but other heterophile antibodies of IgM (68%), IgA (6.7%), and IgE (9.3%) classes were demonstrated in non‐IM sera. IgA and IgE heterophile antibodies were thus present, especially in IM sera. HIT was found to be more sensitive than Paul‐Bunnell Davidsohn test (PBD test) and suitable for the diagnosis of infectious mono

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890280109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHuman hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA polymerase activity was inhibited by pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate (PLP) specifically and noncompetitively with respect to deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP). NaBH4reduction of PLP‐HBV core proteins resulted in the complete inactivation of HBV DNA polymerase, and PLP modification of the enzyme was thought to be mediated through Schiff‐base formation.HBV DNA polymerase has a Michaelis constant (Km) of 0.31 m̈M for dTTP and an apparent inhibition constant (Ki) of 0.2 mM for PLP. Its inactivation and modification by PLP may be useful in the study of not only the reaction mechanism of catalysis, but also the physicochemical nature of th

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890280110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo reactive sequences of the pre‐S regions of hepatitis B surface antigen were synthesized chemically and used in micro‐ELISAs for the assay of pre‐S1 and pre‐S2 antigens in serum from patients with acute and chronic hepatitis B. Pre‐S1 antigen correlated well with the presence of HBV‐DNA and was no longer detectable on cessation of viral replication, after natural recovery and after successful treatment with alpha‐interferon. Pre‐S2 proteins were also lost after treatment with alpha‐interferon. The results show that the assay of pre‐S1 and pre‐S2 proteins in serum provides additional useful markers for assessing patients with acute and chronic hepatitis B infection and for monitoring the response to trea

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890280111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY