摘要:

AbstractRisk factors related to the occurrence of non‐A, non‐B posttransfusion hepatitis (PTH) were statistically analyzed in 204 patients (115 adults and 89 children) who received blood transfusion and extracorporeal circulation during open‐heart surgery. The PTH incidence, irrespective of age or body weight, was affected by both transfusion volume and circulation time, ie, the incidence increased cumulatively with the increment of these two variables. Based upon such statistical analysis, a “PTH‐risk index,” from which one can objectively predict the probability of PTH, was devised by the summation of standardized transfusion volumes (Vs) and circulation time (Ts). As a result, a high correlation between the obtained PTH‐risk index and actual incidence was found. The obtained straight regression line between PTH‐risk index and the actual incidence rate enabled us to predict the incidence of PTH in open‐heart

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890120202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLassa virus‐immune plasma has been used to treat human Lassa fever patients; however, criteria for plasma selection were based arbitrarily on available serologic tools and protective efficacy was never directly assessed. To test the validity of plasma therapy for Lassa virus infections in an animal model, and to develop biologically relevant criteria for selection of protective immune plasma, inbred, strain 13 guinea pigs were infected with a lethal dose of Lassa virus and treated with various Lassa‐immune plasmas obtained from guinea pigs, primates, and convalescent human patients. Neutralizing antibody titers were determined in a virus dilution, plaque reduction test, and were expressed as a log10plaque‐forming units (PFU) neutralization index (LNI). All guinea pigs treated with immune plasma 6 ml/kg/treatment on days 0, 3, and 6 after virus inoculation were protected, provided the LNI exceeded 2.0. Plasmas obtained from donors in early convalescence (32–45 days) had low titers of N‐antibody (LNI<2) and failed to confer protection, despite high titers of Lassa antibody measured in the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test. Higher doses of marginally titered plasma conferred increased protection. The degree of protection and suppression of viremia was closely associated with LNI and not IFA titers. Administration of low‐titered plasma did not result in immune enhancement. A high dose of human plasma from Liberia (12 ml/kg/treatment) was required to confer complete protection to guinea pigs infected with a Lassa virus strain from Sierra Leone (LNI = 1.6), while a lower dose (3 ml/kg/treatment) was sufficient for protection against a Liberian strain (LNI = 2.8), suggesting that a geographic matching of immune plasma and Lassa virus strain origin may increase treatment success. These studies support the concept of plasma therapy for Lassa infection and suggest that the plaque reduction neutralization test is more appropriate than the IFA test for predicting protective efficacy of passively administ

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890120203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA quantitative analysis was carried out on the relationship between type specific neutralizing antibodies to herpes simplex virus and the type specificity, using a mutual absorbing procedure. Forty‐two samples were selected among human sera, on the basis of type specificity expressed by the value of II/I index. All sera with values of less than 90 of II/I index contained only type 1 specific antibody, while those with values over 111 contained only type 2 specific antibody. When the values were between 90 and 110, type 1 specific antibody was present in all, and type 2 specific antibody was present in some serum sample

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890120204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA possible new subgroup of human rotavirus was found by crossed immunoelectrophoresis and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The epidemiology of the established subgroups 1 and 2 and this new variant was studied in two different communities. Of 398 rotavirus isolates from Malmö, Sweden, 26.8% were of type 1, 71.7% of type 2, and 1.5% of the new variant. Corresponding figures for 384 samples from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, were 33.1% type 1 and 66.9% type 2. A total of 87% of the Swedish and 79% of the Ethiopian rotavirus‐positive samples could be classified. The yearly distribution of the subgroups was stable and similar in Sweden and Ethiopia. The new variant could only be found in one outbreak during 1979. Among children with sequential infections eight of ten primary infections were type 1, and no one shed the same type of rotavirus t

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890120205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRat embryo fibroblasts (REF) morphologically transformed by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV‐2) and tumor‐derived cells were tested for ability to grow in the presence of 9‐(2‐hydroxyethoxymethyl) guanine (acyclovir). Results indicated that the effective dose of acyclovir (ACV) required to inhibit HSV‐2‐transformed and tumor‐derived cell growth by 50% (ED50) compared to mock‐treated control cells averaged 15 to 75 μg/ml. In contrast, the ED50of acyclovir was more than 250 μg/ml for nontransformed REF, retrovirus‐transformed rat cells, and human HEp‐2 cells. HSV‐2‐transformed and tumor‐derived cells after both low (less than 30) and high (greater than 30) serial passages expressed detectable levels of the virus‐coded thymidine kinase (TK) measured in cell extracts by serum neutralization assay. HSV‐2‐transformed or tumor‐derived cells converted two‐ to ten‐fold more acyclovir to phosphorylated forms than nontransformed REF cells. Preliminary data showed that the drug inhibited tumor development in newborn syngeneic rats inoculated with HSV‐2‐transformed cells. The inhibitory activity of acyclovir and presence of low levels

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890120206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo assess the feasibility of jet injection for mass immunization against hepatitis B virus, inactivated, alum‐adsorbed hepatitis B vaccine (Merck, Sharp, and Dohme Research Laboratories, West Point, PA) was administered subcutaneously by automatic jet injection to 19 volunteers lacking antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti‐HBs). Three 20‐μg doses were given at 0, 1, and 6 months. Of 19 volunteers, 5 (26%) developed anti‐HBs by 1 month after the first injection, and 15 of 19 (79%) were anti‐HBs‐positive 6 to 8 weeks after the first booster administration. Following the second booster, 16 of 19 (84%) recipients had detectable anti‐HBs. Possible systemic reactions were limited to low‐grade fever (37.8°C) in one volunteer following one injection, and mild lethargy in a second recipient. Local reactions to jet injection of vaccine occurred more frequently, with indurated, nodular lesions 3–10 mm in diameter developing at the site of 19 of 57 (33%) vaccine injections, compared with 2 of 57 (3%) saline placebo injections. Such nodules were generally painless. Sore arms were noted in 11 of 57 (19%) vaccine injections.With the exception of frequent but minor local reactions, subcutaneous administration of inactivated hepatitis B vaccine by automatic jet injection is safe, and results in vaccine immunogenicity approximating that associated with intramuscul

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890120207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCutaneous infection of guinea pigs with HSV1 was topically treated from 2 to 6 days post infection with 7 antiherpetic substances. Phosphonoformic acid and acyclovir were found to be highly effective; trifluorothymidine, thymine arabinoside, ethyldeoxyuridine, and adenine arabinoside monophosphate all had some therapeutic effect in decreasing order, whereas iododeoxyuridine was ineffective. The efficacy of treatment was evaluated from cutaneous lesion scores by the Wilcoxon rank test. The substances were combined in marginally effective concentrations. From the 21 combinations, acyclovir + phosphonoformic acid, acyclovir + thymine arabinoside, and phosphonoformic acid + thymine arabinoside suggested a synergistic interaction, which appeared significant for acyclovir + phosphonoformic acid.

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890120208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAdenine arabinoside monophosphate (ARA AMP) was used in ten immunosuppressed patients suffering from varicella or disseminated zoster, and compared to adenine arabinoside (vidarabine) in ten other similar patients. Good results were obtained with both drugs: the fever stopped suddenly in three or four days and no new vesicles were observed after the third day. ARA AMP is more soluble than vidarabine and is thus easier to handle; it could be an effective treatment of severe varicella‐zoster virus infections in immunosuppressed patient

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890120209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn infant girl was born apparently well one week after her mother had had a mild illness with chills, fever, and diarrhea. On the third day of life, the infant became ill and died four days later with necrotizing hepatitis. On the same day, echovirus type 11 was recovered from the throat, rectum, and buffy coat of the infant and from the cervix of the mother. At this time, the mother had an IgM neutralizing antibody titer to echovirus type 11 of 1:128, but no IgG antibodies. The infant had no echovirus type 11 antibodies. The virus was also isolated from the baby's liver and adrenal at autopsy. These findings raise the possibility of enterovirus infection at delivery from a contaminated cervix.

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890120210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890120201

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY