摘要:

AbstractInoue‐Melnick virus (IMV) was isolated from five of six human colorectal carcinoma cell lines, whereas the virus was not isolated from three normal colon‐derived cell lines, three pancreas carcinoma cell lines, two bladder carcinoma cell lines, one kidney adenocarcinoma cell line, and one cervical carcinoma cell line. IMV synthesis was remarkably enhanced in the colorectal carcinoma cell lines by treatment with 5‐bromodeoxyuridine (BUDR). However, virus was not detected in any of the other cell lines in spite of BUDR treatment. Five strains of virus isolated from colorectal carcinoma cell lines were subsequently identified by the neutralization test as intermediate‐t

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890290302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis virus markers and human T‐cell lymphotropic virus infections among drug abusers in Japan, serum samples were collected from 91 male drug abusers at the Shinshu University Hospital and the rehabilitation facility in Matsumoto and from 519 healthy male blood donors as controls. Sera were tested for antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti‐HAV), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (anti‐HBs), antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti‐HBc), immunoglobuline M anti‐HBc (IgM anti‐HBc), antibody to hepatitis D virus (anti‐HDV), antibody to HTLV type 1 (anti‐HTLV 1), and antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (anti‐HIV). The prevalence of anti‐HAV was 13.2% in drug abusers and 10.8% in controls (not significant). The prevalences of HBsAg, anti‐HBs, anti‐HBc and exposure rate to hepatitis B virus (HBV) were 4.4%, 24.2%, 31.9%, and 35.2%, respectively, in drug abusers and 0.8%,6.7%, 9.6%, and 9.6% in controls. The exposure rate to HBV was significantly different (P<0.001). IgM anti‐HBc and anti‐HDV were not detected in any sera. Anti‐HTLV I was detected in three drug abusers (3.3%) and in one (0.2%) of the controls (P<0.01). All sera were negative for anti‐HIV in all subjects. Infection with HBV and HTLV I is more common among drug abusers than in the general popu

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890290303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA one‐step time‐resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TR‐FIA) and a conventional two‐step enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the detection of rubella virus antigen were developed. Two noncompetitive mouse monoclonal antibodies reactive with epitopes on the E1 polypeptide of rubella virus served as immunoreagents. One of the monoclones (7A6) was used for coating the solid phase, and the other (2C3) was labeled with either Europium chelate or with horseradish peroxidase. For TR‐FIA, the specimen was incubated simultaneously with the label at 4°C overnight. EIA required an overnight incubation with the specimen and after washing another 1 hr of incubation at 37°C with the conjugate. The sensitivity of TR‐FIA was 10 pg in an assay volume of 100 μl and the sensitivity of EIA was between 50 and 100 pg. Antigens could be detected by TR‐FIA in supernatant of cultures of Vero cells 48 hr after inoculation with approximately 1 TCID 50, while cytopathogenic effect (CPE) at that time was detected only in cultures inoculated with 105TCID50or more. Virus mixed with human amniotic fluid containing antirubella‐specific IgG was detectable after an incubation at 37°C for 5 days. The assays may find applications in prenatal diagnosis of intrauterine rubella infection, in early identification of viral antigens in cell culture and in monitoring production, concentration, and purification of rubella antigen

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890290304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) reacting with different epitopes of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 core protein p24 (HIV p24) were used either singly or in combination as tracers in enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. The culture supernatant of 215 samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 112 patients were measured for HIV p24 and reverse transcriptase (RT) activity during cultivation. One hundred forty‐one cultures were positive for HIV p24 and 122 for RT after 32 days of cultivation. After 8–9 days, HIV p24 was detected in 50.4% and RT in 27.8% of the cultures later judged as HIV positive. Two patients seemed to have substrains of HIV‐1 not reactive with one of t

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890290305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe compared the efficacy of 3 antiretrovirals in cultured human peripheral blood monocyte‐derived macrophages and lymphoid cells infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Zidovudine (>0.01 μg/ml) orfoscarnet (100 μg/ml) consistently inhibited HIV replication (p24 antigen production) in acutely infected macrophages by more than 90%; alpha interferon, (1,000 units/ml) inhibited HIV replication by 88–99%. Drug efficacy was equal in lymphoid cells and monocyte‐derived macrophages. However, these antiretrovirals even in high concentration only minimally inhibited chronic, established HIV infection: while zidovudine (0.01 μg/ml) inhibited infection by over 90% in acutely infected macrophages and lymphoid cells, 50 μg/ml of this antiretroviral produced only 19–55% inhibition of HIV in chronically infected cells. Slot‐blot analysis of HIV RNA was concordant with the p24 antigen data. Acutely infected macrophages are as susceptible to the inhibitory effects of antiretrovirals as lymphoid cells; however, chronically infected macrophages (which probably constitute the main in vivo reservoir for HIV) are several orders of magnitude m

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890290306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractParenteral drug users have a high prevalence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the etiologic agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). New York City has had a prolonged and extensive epidemic of HIV infection and AIDS. In this study, we analyze, in relation to antibody to HIV (anti‐HIV), available data from sera from parenteral drug users collected in New York City during 1978 through 1983 in the course of studies of liver disease. Among parenteral users of both heroin and cocaine, 30 (52%) of 58 had anti‐HIV, compared with six (13%) of 48 injectors of heroin only (P<0.0001). Only two (11%) of 18 white patients were HIV‐infected, compared with 34 (39%) of 88 black or Hispanic patients (P= 0.03). No other factors studied were linked to anti‐HIV. In a multiple logistic regression, anti‐HIV was significantly more common in parenteral users of both cocaine and heroin (P<0.0001), black patients (P= 0.02), and Hispanic patients (P= 0.049). We conclude that parenteral users of both cocaine and heroin as well as black and Hispanic patients were disproportionately HIV‐infected during the early years of the HIV epidemic. Use of cocaine and heroin as well as ethnicity were independently linked to anti‐HIV. Measures to prevent or treat drug use, HIV infection, and other medical problems while addressing the specific needs of cocaine users and black and Hispanic patients are ur

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890290307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDNA polymorphisms among independent isolates of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 were studied from a 7‐year‐old male patient with recurrent infections of the skin and internal organs. In the patient's serum, HSV antibodies could not be detected by complement fixation, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), or neutralization tests. ELISA tests for the presence of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus were also negative. One HSV isolate was obtained from mesenteric nodes biopsied in 1983; one from skin in 1984; and three (postmortem) from brain, lungs, and liver in 1985. Restriction enzymes Eco RI, BgI II, Hind III, Kpn I, and Bam H1 digestion patterns of the five isolates were similar. However, Sal I digests of isolates from skin, mesenteric nodes, lungs, and liver showed variations that were distinct from that of the brain isolate. Although Sal I digests of skin, mesenteric nodes, lungs, and liver isolates share a common variation in lacking F and G, the liver isolate can be further differentiated because of the gain of a restriction site on the H fragment. Thus, the three distinct variants observed were the isolates from brain (variant 1); from skin, mesenteric nodes, and lungs (variant 2); and from liver (variant 3). The fragments involved in variations among these isolates (presence or absence of SaI, G and H) are from the unique short and long regions (invariable regions) of the genome and therefore do not show heterogeneity in size. The extent of variation among these isolates is less than that seen among epidemiologically unrelated strains, suggesting that they originated from a single infecting strain, probably the brain is

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890290308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStorage of stool specimens at —70°C has been reported to destroy the characteristic morphology of calicivirus. To determine if other stool‐shed viruses are similarly affected, stool specimens previously examined by electron microscopy and observed to contain virus particles were reexamined after 6–10 years of storage at —70°C to —85°C. The stools contained virus particles of different morphological types, including astrovirus, small round structured virus, adenovirus, and rotavirus as well as calicivirus. Also reexamined were stools containing coronavirus‐like particles and T = 19 virus‐like particles. Characteristic virus particles, including calicivirus particles, were recognized in all the stools reexamined. The results indicate that long‐term storage of stools at ultralow temperatures does not present a significant problem for the morphological identification of

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890290309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe nature of the immunodominantaregion of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) has been examined by mutation of specific amino acid residues. Proline 142 was required for the exhibition of full antigenicity. Replacement of cysteines 124 and 147 by serines drastically reduced or eliminated reactivity with antibodies to HBsAg, which implicates these two residues in stabilising the conformation of the antigen. Thearegion of HBsAg has also been shown to influence both the immunoreactivity of the adjacent subtype antigenic region, despite being immunologically distinct from it, and the ability of the antigen to interact with a subtype‐specific monoclonal antibody. These results emphasise the importance of the polypeptide region between cysteine residues 124 and 147 in determiningaantigenicity, as well as manifestation of the subtype of HBsAg, and reinforce the view that these are conformational epitope

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890290310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe molecular basis of thedoryimmunological subtype of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) has been investigated by mutation of specific amino acid residues. When combined with substitution of serine 113 by threonine, replacement of arginine 122 by Iysine or of tyrosine 134 by phenylalanine, or both of these changes, altered the antigenic subtype of HBsAg fromy+d–toy+d+. These same mutations had a more dramatic effect on the subtype of antibodies induced by the antigens, a combination of all three mutations completely changing the subtype fromytod. Our study thus identifies residues in HBsAg that not only affect the subtype but discriminate between changes in antigenic and immunogenic behaviour. It also shows how theyanddsubtypes may be manifest by the same molecul

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890290311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY