摘要:

The availability of micro‐, mini‐, and super computers has complicated the laws governing the economies of scale in computers and has increased the tendency to decentralize and distribute computing power. The optimal design of such a system requires integration of computers of varying power and a strategy for capacity loading. This paper considers the problem of capacity planning and capacity loading of a distributed computer system as a hierarchy of decisions. A linear programming model is developed for the initial capacity planning problem. A loading model that accounts for variations in arrival and processing rates of the jobs in a dynamic environment is developed to support the operati

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1990.tb01684.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

One justification for eliciting and representing the judgment strategy of an expert in a rule‐based expert system (RBES) is to facilitate knowledge transfer to individuals with less expertise. However, prior research suggests complexities and potential problems when using RBESs for training. In this paper, a conceptual framework of user learning from RBESs is presented. It is proposed that learning may be ineffective when the problem representation of the RBES is inconsistent with the user's mental representation of the task‐domain knowledge.An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of consistency (inconsistency) between the problem‐solving strategy of RBESs and individuals' memory structures. Groups of subjects whose memory structure either matched or did not match two RBESs' problem‐solving strategies were examined using an internal control evaluation task. The results suggest that learning was facilitated only for groups with congruence between the RBES's problem‐solving strategy and a subject's memory

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1990.tb01685.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In recent years, information systems (IS) planning has come to represent a key IS management tool to practitioners and researchers. Concurrently, there has been increasing recognition by organizations that their IS can be viewed as a strategic resource. This research is an attempt to explore the relationship between these two aspects of IS. It analyzes, in an empirical setting, the contingent nature of some IS planning‐related variables in the context of the strategic relevance of an organization's IS. The basis for the empirical test is the IS strategic grid framework developed by Cash, McFarlan, McKenney, and Vitale [6]. A questionnaire survey method is employed to elicit information on the strategic orientation of IS and IS planning issues within respondent organizations. The difference in emphasis on various planning aspects in organizations with different IS environments is analyzed. Results of the analysis indicate that there is empirical support for the strategic grid framework and that there are differences in planning aspects among organizations, depending on their location in the grid. The implications of these findings for IS and IS planning are then discusse

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1990.tb01686.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article applies the concepts of alpha, beta, and gamma changes to test whether the implementation of a new office information system with networking capabilities changes the way organizational members conceptualize office work. The traditional approach (t‐test) was used to measure alpha change and indicated little change in how effectively the respondents felt they performed eight generic office activities before implementation (T1) and nine months after implementation (T2). However, considerable change was detected between effectiveness reported at T1 and a retrospective assessment of T1 effectiveness reported at T2 (called “then” assessments). Strong change was also detected between “then” assessments and T2 effectiveness reported at T2, indicating beta change. Multiple hierarchical tests showed that most of the change was actually gamma change; the T2 and the “then” factor structures and covariances differed significantly. This study supports propositions that using computers to accomplish organizational work may be associated with different conceptualizations of work, which may create ambiguity and uncertainty if training and management policies do not respond appropriately. Finally, this study provides an expanded version of a prior solution to detecting alpha, beta, and

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1990.tb01687.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A major issue in value‐function assessment is the possibility of receiving an indefinite response from a decision maker to a question about preferences. The conventional treatment requires a single, definite response from the decision maker. This approach either assumes that response error is zero or accepts the final solution as only approximate, without knowing how approximate it might be. In this paper we examine the issue of indefinite responses, define it more precisely, and present a method for incorporating it into decision making. The method is adaptive in that it is iterative and interactive with the decision maker who, at each iteration, is provided with information regarding the potential advantage of answering more trade‐off questions and/or answering questions more carefully to reduce response error. In contrast to other approaches that “force” rationality and decisiveness, we work with irrationality and indecisiveness on the part of the decision maker. The method is demonstrated for the case of concave, increasing value fu

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1990.tb01688.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two recently developed probabilistic multidimensional models for analyzing pairwise choice data are introduced, discussed in terms of their differential properties, and extended in several ways. The first one, the wandering vector model, was originally suggested by Carroll [12] and extended by De Soete and Carroll [30]. The second model, called the wandering ideal point model, is a more recently proposed [32] unfolding analog of the wandering vector model. A general maximum likelihood estimation method for fitting the various models described is mentioned, as well as a statistical test for assessing the goodness of fit. Finally, an application of the models is provided concerning consumer choice for some 14 brands of over‐the‐counter analgesics to illustrate how such models can be gainfully utilized for marketing decision making concerning product position

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1990.tb01689.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A substantial amount of behavioral research in business has attempted to uncover the relative importance decision makers attach to different decision variables (cues) used in their decision processes. This paper reports on two experiments that examine methodological issues concerning the assessment of cue importance. The first experiment examined whether the categorical descriptions given to cues in many modeling studies affect the importance decision makers attach to those cues. Results revealed that the importance attributed was significantly affected by the categories used to define cues. Additionally, because different techniques have been utilized to model cue importance, the second experiment examined the level of agreement between importance measures derived from two commonly used modeling techniques (ANOVA and information boards) under varying levels of task complexity. Results indicated that cue importance measures generally exhibited a moderate level of agreement. However, the use of different modeling techniques appears to affect the importance attributed to cues for some decision makers. In addition, the level of agreement was not affected by changes in task complexity. Implications of these results for future research studies that model decision behavior are discussed.

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1990.tb01690.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recent simulation‐based studies of linear programming models for discriminant analysis have used the Fisher linear discriminant function as the benchmark for parametric methods. This article reports experimental evidence which suggests that, while some linear programming models may match or even exceed the Fisher approach in classification accuracy, none of the fifteen models tested is as accurate on normally distributed data as the Smith quadratic discriminant function. At the minimum, further testing is warranted with an emphasis on data sets that arise from significantly non‐Gaussian populati

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1990.tb01691.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This research examines a heuristic, rule‐based approach for setting due dates in a multiproject, multijob, or assembly shop. Due date estimation is a challenging problem because the operating environment is capacitated, involves the allocation of multiple resources, and allows for the preemption of resources from one project or job to another. The dynamic, continuous arrival of new jobs or orders frequently results in the preemption of resources through the application of managerially determined priority policies. These preemption policies have a significant impact on the ultimate completion time of a job or a project.A three‐factor, full‐factorial computer simulation experiment is used to assess the relative effectiveness of combinations of four due date setting heuristics, five resource assignment heuristics, and three resource preemption heuristics. Recommendations are made for the selection of due date and resource assignment heuristic combinations under the three preemption policies exa

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1990.tb01692.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Today, many American firms are demanding a high level of performance from their major suppliers while at the same time reducing the number of them. Vendor performance is an important aspect of maintaining low production costs and high product quality. In this study, we examine the effects of poor vendor quality and vendor lead time uncertainty in a variety of manufacturing environments using a comprehensive simulation model. The results indicate that the effect of poor vendor performance on various manufacturing firms depends on the number of stocking points and the degree of component commonality. Moreover, disruption of the manufacturing system caused by poor vendor performance can be manifested in higher levels of inventory and order backlogs. We introduce the concept of supplyside uncertainty, as it relates to component‐part commonality, to demonstrate that in certain environments commonality reduces order backlogs but increases total inventories and creates an environment that is very sensitive to vendor quality problems. Finally, several conjectures are posited for future researc

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1990.tb01693.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY