摘要:

ABSTRACTTwo distinctively different decomposition algorithms have been developed. Both are analagous to decentralized decision making in the firm. One essentially deals with the allocation of corporate resources by the use of transfer prices charged to the divisions, while the other deals with the direct allocation of fixed quantities of the corporate resources to each division. The analogy of a price coordinated, or transfer pricing, technique to decentralization was developed by Baumol and Fabian [1] and later by Kim [4]. The second approach to decomposition was developed by Kornai and Liptak [5] [6]in an attempt to formulate the planning problem in a Socialist economy. It is the purpose of this paper to develop the analogy of the resource allocation decomposition to decentralized decision making.

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1974.tb00617.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA model is developed for evaluating alternative control systems for an ongoing managerial process in terms of expected contribution per unit time under conditions of imperfect information. A variety of process failure distributions and economic characteristics are accepted by the model. An example illustrates the versatility of this approach for comparing alternative systems and for performing sensitivity analysis on process and control system parameters.

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1974.tb00618.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTRecent years have witnessed a renewal of interest in the application of management science techniques to personal selling related problems. Some early applications are described in [2] [7]. Cloonan has employed simulation in examination of the salesman routing problem [3] [4]. Lodish, in CALLPLAN, has devised an interactive call planning system designed to assist sales management and/or salesmen in allocating sales call time more efficiently [6]. Armstrong has devised a system he labels SCHEDULE which estimates the value of calls on accounts [1]. Hess and Samuels have designed a computer based sales districting model which is an analogue of a legislative apportionment model [5]. The objective of this paper is to explore the nature of a call planning system entitled ALLOCATE. ALLOCATE was designed to be employed by upper sales management either as an input device for sales management decisions such as sales‐territory‐size, or as a vehicle for determining the effects of alternative call allocation strategies on territorial revenue over multiple time peri

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1974.tb00619.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis article reviews a computer‐based method to predict transit time parameters (mean and variance) from historical data for use in logistics planning analysis. Efficient use of the data depends on relating it to a grid system of the United States. Performance of the technique on a sample of shipments by four methods of transportation is compared to a system based solely on highway distance. The techniques perform equally well for average transit time (speed). The grid system method demonstrates superior predicting power for reliability (transit time variance). Use of the system in daily operations is also anticipate

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1974.tb00620.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTDespite the key role that subjective probabilities play in decisions made under conditions of uncertainty, little is known about the ability of probability assessors in developing these estimates. A literature survey is followed by a review of results from a continuing series of experiments designed to investigate the external accuracy of subjectively assessed probability distributions. Initial findings confirm that probability assessments provided by untrained assessors are of questionable value in predicting the distribution of actual outcomes of uncertain events. Particular difficulty is encountered when subjects attempt to quantify the extremes of their subjective distributions. The impact of extended assessor training and hypotheses regarding the effects of variation in the assessor's information level and the complexity of the assessment task are explored. Implications for applied decision making are drawn, and directions for future investigations are suggested.

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1974.tb00621.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA large‐scale forest cutting schedule problem involving 1166 forest units to be cut over a 24–year planning period is discussed. The problem is formulated as a generalized version of the basic transportation problem. The conversion procedure for such a problem to the standard transportation format is outlined. The proposed approach is then compared with a linear programming decomposition approach on the basis of operating results obtained and computer time required by each approach. It is shown that this new approach will solve a real world problem about 40 times faster than the usual linear programming decomposition appro

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1974.tb00622.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe file management requirements of a particular management information system, that used for intelligence operations, are examined and a data storage and retrieval system developed that can be either manual or computer based. Scoring models are used to quantify the value of information. Values are adjusted dynamically so that decisions can be made on which items to add and which existing items to delete. Results of experiments with a police intelligence system are presented.

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1974.tb00623.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper deals with the problems of hotel overbooking and the scientific determination of hotel booking policies. The general hotel reservations system is described, and a Markovian sequential decision model is proposed for it. An application of the model is presented, based on an actual sample of hotel data. Because of the significance of the cancellation phenomena in the sample, the model prescribes a substantial amount of overbooking. The paper concludes with comments regarding the necessity for and course of future research in this area.

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1974.tb00624.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe crucial issues in the administration of higher education embody the very purpose, function, and concept of each institution. The institution's administrative policies are based on the combined philosophy of many conflicting interest groups such as taxpayers, donors, administrators, faculty, students, staff, and users of university services. A function performed by the university which is receiving increasing attention and outside pressure is the formulation of admissions policy for newly entering students. This paper investigates problems involved in the admissions planning and presents a goal programming model as an optimization tool for the problem.

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1974.tb00625.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTDespite the number of studies comparing the programmed instruction (PI) and text teaching methods, the results to date have been inconclusive. In this paper it is hypothesized that the effects of these two modes of learning on performance are dependent on differences in people and in the material to be learned. In an experiment on 48 subjects it was found that both mode of learning and sex affected performance, but the effect of sex differed for the two modes of learning. Women performed better in the PI mode and men performed better in the text mode. Also, performance on definitional material was dependent on the aptitude of the learner and on inferential material was dependent on the prior knowledge of the learner.

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1974.tb00626.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY