摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper reports the results of an experiment that examined the effects of information evaluators' perceptions of decision flexibility as a determinant of information value. This study suggests that subjects fall into relatively distinct groups that are differentiated by the group members' perceptions of the directionality as well as the magnitude of the effect of decision flexibility on information value. Moreover, subjects' misperceptions of information value reflect individualistic models of information evaluation.

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1982.tb00156.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper formulates and analyzes models of two‐party bargaining behavior where each side possesses private information about its preferences that is unavailable to the other. We examine the strategic behavior that bargainers might exhibit when disclosing information either to an arbitrator or to each other. Our results show that when bargaining is over one issue, it is relatively uncomplicated analytically to calculate the optimal strategy, but, despite this, even sophisticated bargainers tend to make wrong assumptions about the behavior of others and to use strategies that are far from optimal. When the bargaining encompasses several factors, computation of optimal strategies becomes very cumbersome and the use of an optimal strategy does not gain a bargainer much over what he could have achieved with truthful revelation. Thus, in theory, truthful revelation is not the best course of action to adopt for a bargainer interested in maximizing individual gain, but in practice the alternatives may involve mistaken assumptions about the behavior of others and may therefore turn out to be inferior to truthful revelatio

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1982.tb00157.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTExpansion decisions by corporate managements are importantly influenced by their perceptions of the firm's cost of capital and especially the cost of common equity. Their decision making is then influenced by the common perception that new issues of common stock are more costly than retained earnings because of the flotation costs inherent in new issues. Thus a rate of expansion that requires new issues is downgraded in decision making. In this paper the authors show that in actuality new issues of common equity may be less costly than retained earnings. Thus different decision‐making implications are clearly involve

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1982.tb00158.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe Emergency Medical Service (EMS) Act specifies the fraction of all demands for service that must be reached in a given amount of time for urban and rural areas. The conditions have traditionally been interpreted to apply to the case in which all EMS vehicles are available to respond to demands. A model that considers the probability of a vehicle being busy is formulated and model properties are briefly discussed. The model is then applied to two problems: a 55‐node test case and a 33‐node census tract representation of Austin, Texas. The implications of the new model for EMS system design are discussed as are the limitations of the modeling appro

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1982.tb00159.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an inventory problem related to the one‐period stochastic inventory (or “newsboy”) problem. In this problem, the firm has to decide how much product to order to meet a random one‐period demand. The version of the problem presented is novel in two respects. First, demand is explicitly permitted to be negative, and second, the penalty (or shortage) cost is assumed to be independent of the magnitude of the shortage. This situation is shown to change the form of the cost function and to complicate the determination of optimal policies. The form of the optimal policy is developed, and two example problems are presented in some

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1982.tb00160.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe relative influence of four power bases was investigated in four decision‐making contexts using data from forty successfully implemented decisions. The analysis suggests that position power decreases in influence while resource power and political power increase in influence as decision contexts vary from less to more uncertainty. Expert power derives its influence when organizational uncertainty is low and when technical uncertainty is reduced, whereas political power thrives when organizational uncertainty is high and when technical uncertainty remains high. Indexing the influence of power bases provides greater understanding of decision processes than the sociological or social‐psychological approaches of studying participat

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1982.tb00161.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe present study uses canonical analysis to examine the contingency model of organizations in the nursing home field. Data on environmental pressures and managerial practices relevant to the decision‐making process are analyzed. Results support the theory that managerial practices are contingent on environmental pressures. The implications of these results for health‐care decision makers and for future assessments of managerial‐environmental relationships are disc

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1982.tb00162.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an employment discrimination liability model that estimates back‐pay liability for an employer's discriminatory employment practices by simulating employment practices under assumptions of fairness. Comparison of the racial/sexual composition of the simulated fair work force with the racial/sexual composition of the employer's actual work force permits identification of cases of discrimination. The model suggests that the choice of a stock or flow approach will have a significant effect on the amount of employer liabilit

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1982.tb00163.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA multiperiod mixed integer programming model has been developed for the production scheduling of several grades of a radioisotope in a nuclear reactor. Of special interest is the model's capability to evaluate possible future product “short falls” due to the acceptance of an unforecasted demand sales opportunity. The model is essential to decisions concerning reactor loading after an extended shutdown of several periods for modifications, maintenance, and upgrad

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1982.tb00164.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY