摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper describes a methodology for production‐distribution planning in a large scale commodity processing network. Based on earlier research efforts dealing with single‐commodity and multi‐commodity distribution system modeling and on production planning for a single‐plant commodity processing facility, a mathematical programming methodology is developed for a multiplant soybean processing network. Application of the model leads to the specification of a production plan for a multi‐period time horizon, while at the same time indicating the quantities of soybean meal and soybean oil to be supplied to various customers in various locales. Both sets of decisions are made under the general criterion of maximizing the net income produced by the soybean processing complex, subject to various production, inventory, capacity, supply and demand constraints. Test results from application of the model are presented and

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1976.tb00703.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a framework for characterizing and studying the uncertainty which can affect inventory investment and service level performance in a material requirements planning (MRP) system. It also presents the results of a simulation experiment which compared two techniques (safety stock and safety lead time) for building inventory to protect against uncertainty. The simulation results disclose consistent differences between the techniques in protecting a representative part against timing and quantity uncertainty in both demand and supply for the part. The paper not only provides some initial insights into the behavior of MRP systems under uncertainty, but also establishes some guidelines for choosing between safety stock and safety lead time.

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1976.tb00704.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA descriptive life cycle model of process development and innovation, as previously reported, is used as a framework to analyze historical trends in the technological development of U.S. automotive engine plants. Using the plant as the unit of analysis, the author examines trends in product diversity, equipment development, backward integration, and productivity improvement. Results support the original research framework and help to clarify the important impact of process changes on the sources of productivity improvement, the capability for product innovation, and the cost of change.

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1976.tb00705.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAn integrated work shift scheduling system is developed and applied in the scheduling of 2600 telephone operators in 43 locations of the General Telephone Company of California. The system involves the forecasting of calls on a half‐hourly basis, the conversion to operator requirements, the scheduling of tours by a heuristic algorithm, the assignment of operators to tours, and the operation of the syste

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1976.tb00706.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTPhysical geometry is viewed in this essay as the prototype of a successful generalizing empirical science. Suppose that physical geometry had been studied in ancient Egypt by empirical methods similar to those commonly used today by many researchers seeking general propositions useful in explaining, predicting, or controlling phenomena of interest to practicing managers. Would these methods have produced valid and useful geometric generalizations? This intriguing question is explored in Part I by means of a parable which suggests a negative answer to the question. The reasons for this negative conclusion are developed in Part II. In the successful generalizing sciences, general propositions (or theory) have not been the result of ana posteriori“induction” from observational data, but rather the result of ana priori“construction” of a framework for thecoordination of measurement operations.Such a framework, whether explicitly articulated or not, is a necessary condition for the collection of coherent and reproducible observational data and, therefore, for explanation, prediction, and control of phenomena. Yet, despite itsa prioricharacter, an acceptable framework or theory must be “empirical” in Popper's sense of being subject to refutation by observation. If the framework is logically prior todata, however, what is its source? In the successful generalizing sciences, it is argued in Part III, theories have been generalized not from data but from the skills—thecoordination of operations—of practitioners. This genesis “explains” the success of the sciences, because an effective skill includes within itself tests of its range of applicability and adapts itself to changing conditions. A discussion of the implications of this argument for making management “scientific

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1976.tb00707.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis note sets forth a method for obtaining viable estimates of total discriminatory power in a discriminant analysis. In addition, a technique based upon this methodisgiven for assessing the overall relative importance of each predictor variable regardless of the number of discriminant functions. Two examples are given to illustrate application of the method.

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1976.tb00708.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTHierarchical structures are an important property of all complex systems and play an important role in the decision and policy sciences. The methodology described in this paper provides a systematic and efficient approach to the synthesis of hierarchies, regardless of their size or intricacy. Two applications are briefly discussed, and other applications are suggested.

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1976.tb00709.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1976.tb00710.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTraditionally decision sciences has been plagued with the problem of implementation,i.e., transforming a sound theoretical technique into an operational system. Most researchers who study the problem concentrate on identifying factors which relate to implementation or on identifying the change process required to achieve implementation. In a recent study, Sorensen and Zand [24] demonstrate that the Lewin‐Schein change theory explains the process necessary for achieving implementation.While the Lewin‐Schein theory explains the required change process, the theory does not address the question of how one brings about change. The purpose of this article is to describe a “gaming” approach for accomplishing change. A case example is given to demonstrate the proposed implementation meth

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1976.tb00711.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a practical method for determining the waiting time distribution of a single‐stage queueing system for general distribution of inter‐arrival/service times. The method requires the matrix solution of Lindley's equation for waiting time distribution by treating time in discrete units. Some important characteristics of the method are: a) it is easily programmable; b) it has high accuracy; c) it has modest CPU time and storage requirements; and, d) it requires no mathematical functional form for inter‐arrival/service time distribu

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1976.tb00712.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY