摘要:

ABSTRACTMany American firms are implementing just‐in‐time production in order to minimize inventories, reduce flow time, and maximize resource utilization. These firms recognize that, in the short run, setup costs really are fixed expenses and it is available capacity which is the critical factor in determining production‐run quantities. We propose using available capacity to increase the number of setups and reduce lot‐size inventories. This results in improved relevant cost performance. Sugimori, Kusunoki, Cho, and Uchikawa [16] in their paper on the Toyota kanban system developed a relationship for lead time but failed to use it for lot sizing. We use this relationship to develop the joint lot‐sizing rule. The efficacy of our proposed rule is demonstrated by applying it to lot‐size scheduling problems at the John Deere Engine Works [14]. Extensions of the proposed rule to undercapacity situations with material‐wastage costs in the setup processes and to multistate production inventory systems also

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1986.tb00217.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe two‐group discriminant problem has applications in many areas, for example, differentiating between good credit risks and poor ones, between promising new firms and those likely to fail, or between patients with strong prospects for recovery and those highly at risk. To expand our tools for dealing with such problems, we propose a class of nonpara‐metric discriminant procedures based on linear programming (LP). Although these procedures have attracted considerable attention recently, only a limited number of computational studies have examined the relative merits of alternative formulations. In this paper we provide a detailed study of three contrasting formulations for the two‐group problem. The experimental design provides a variety of test conditions involving both normal and nonnormal populations. Our results establish the LP model which seeks to minimize the sum of deviations beyond the two‐group boundary as a promising alternative to more conventional linear discriminant tec

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1986.tb00218.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTProduct‐concept testing is a popular activity in marketing research. Often the number of new product/service concepts under study far exceeds the time available for any single respondent. Respondents therefore may receive only a subset of the concepts comprising the total design. Researchers are interested in making plausible imputations for the missing evaluations of any given respondent.This paper proposes a model and an iterative estimation procedure to impute missing entries for each evaluator. The model and the procedure incorporate (1) the internal structure of the response matrix and (2) an ancillary matrix of (nonmissing) respondent background data; they also (3) allow for individual differences in respondents' uses of the numerical rating scale. The model is applied to both real and synthetic data. Suggestions also are given on how the data imputations may be used in market segmentation and product‐line decisi

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1986.tb00219.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper relates recent research in predicting accounting earnings per share (EPS) to an experiment comparing the performance of extrapolative forecasting models. The paper points out the usefulness of the results to decision‐making processes such as those used in portfolio analysis or financial management. The statistical results of the experiment point to the usefulness of the Holt‐Winter (HW) model in predicting EPS for a random sample of firms over a 20‐year horizon. For short‐term forecasting, the HW model provides relatively accurate forecasts in comparison to other methods used. HW is likely to be a costeffective alternative to more time‐consuming and expensive t

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1986.tb00220.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTVarious consensus methods proposed for ranking problems yield controversial rankings and/or tied rankings which are vulnerable to considerable dispute. These include Borda‐Kendall (BK) and minimum‐variance (MV) methods. This paper compares three continuous (ratio‐scale) consensus scoring methods with BK and MV ranking methods. One method, termed GM, is an eigenvector scaling of the geometric‐mean consensus matrix. GM allows for (1) paired‐comparison voting inputs (as opposed to all‐at‐once ranking), (2) pick‐the‐winner preference voting, and (3) ratio‐scale preference voting. GM is relatively simple to calculate on small computers or calculators, and merging of “close” candidates into tied rankings can be achieved by using an e‐threshold tie rule discussed in this paper. The GM method thus can be used for paired‐comparison voting to calculatebotha ratio‐scaled consensus index (based on a consensus eigenvector) and a ranking of candidates that allows for ties between “close” candidates. Eigenvalue analysis is used as a means of

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1986.tb00221.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe allocation of time in academe is influenced by artificial constraints such as wage‐fund pools and quotas on promotion and tenure. These constraints affect the potential productivity of professors. An analysis of the time‐allocation process and of rent‐seeking implications for that process suggests various ways to shift supply curves to counteract the effects of these constr

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1986.tb00222.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper reports on a study which attempted to identify the structure of executive information systems and evaluate their relationship to decision making. The study centered on answering the question: “Where and how do senior executives get their decision‐making information?” The data, provided by five senior executives, were gathered by a variety of means which included personal interviews, questionnaires, and logs of the executives' incoming‐information transactions for a two‐week period. Our findings support beliefs that senior executives receive much information from the environment, that informal systems play a role equal to that of formal systems, and that computers do not provide much information directly to an executive. The study also found that internal information is important and that preferred sources and media vary with different decision roles. The authors suggest that the scope of MIS and DSS be broadened to match those information networks managers actually rely on in daily

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1986.tb00223.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTCreative problem solving is seldom addressed directly in the decision sciences literature. The first half of this paper reviews current thinking about creativity and its educational importance. The remainder addresses creative problem‐solving processes and, in particular, the process developed by Parnes, Noller and Biondi [24] and Osborn [23]. This process has been integrated into an OR/MS problem‐solving course which is described. Conclusions and implications for decision sciences education and practice in general are discus

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1986.tb00224.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTUpdating production plans typically is achieved by rolling the planning horizon forward one period at a time, each time including the latest information in order to determine the best course of action to pursue in the present period. Theoretical planning‐horizon studies have identified the conditions by which the production decisions in the current and some specified number of future periods remain optimal given some set of future demands. Motivated by these findings, this study addresses the replanning frequency in a hierarchical production planning problem where no planning‐horizon theorems are available. In this problem the aggregate production plan and the master production schedule are linked by a rolling‐horizon practice. Empirical experimentation indicates that under certain cost and demand conditions the master production schedule need not be updated every period. If a schedule does not need to be updated for several periods, the schedule for these periods can be frozen to provide stability for planning components at lower levels in the bill of material of the products. The results of this study thus provide some reference for the determination of the frozen portion of the master production sch

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1986.tb00225.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTwo‐source purchasing at differing factor‐unit costs is a common real‐world phenomenon. So too are uncertainty and risk aversion which, as this paper demonstrates, provides one explanation for why firms on occasion purchase from high‐cost

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1986.tb00226.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY