摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a normative, multidisciplinary approach for evaluating market entry strategies with concern for the effects of spatial assumptions on performance expectations. An assessment framework is linked to a series of models that show the value of adding spatial and competitive perspectives to typical baseline conceptualizations of market opportunity. Criteria for assessing market attractiveness are discussed with special concern for the problems of field service firms whose market boundaries are not limited by fixed facility locations. The problem is conceptualized as the managerial decision to locate a new brokerage office in a highly competitive regional market area. Realistic constraints are established by focusing the market entry decision through aggregate data from secondary sources that are readily available to an outsider who had not been active in the geographic markets considered. A simple model based on market potential is progressively enhanced with spatially adjusted measures of market attractiveness and competitive resistance. Empirical tests highlight the impact of alternative model formulations and choice criteria on the decision‐making proces

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1993.tb00486.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a new framework for manufacturing planning and control systems which we call iterative manufacturing planning in continuous time (IMPICT) that appears to have several advantages over the well‐known material requirements planning (MRP) framework. IMPICT explicitly considers capacity constraints and total system cost (including tardiness) to determine order sizes, order release/due dates, and operation schedules in a deterministic, multi‐level, finite horizon, dynamic demand environment. Continuous time scheduling variables allow setups to be carried over from one period to the next.Three new heuristics built on the IMPICT framework are presented and tested in a simulation‐based, full‐factorial experiment with a wide variety of problem environments. The benchmark for the experiment was materials requirements planning with operations sequencing (MRP/OS) implemented with best‐case, fixed planned lead times. The experiment showed that all three heuristics were statistically better than MRP/OS. The total cost for the order merging (OM) heuristic was 25 percent better than the total cost for MRP/OS. Computational times for OM were substantially larger than for MRP/OS; however, the computational times in the experiment suggest that OM is still computationally viable for large‐scale batch manufacturing environments found in industry.IMPICT is superior to standard MRP systems because it explicitly considers capacity constraints and total system costs when it creates a materials plan. IMPICT is superior to linear programming‐based approaches to finite loading and scheduling found in the literature because it allows setups to be carried over from one period to another and because it is computationally viable for realistic

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1993.tb00487.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn previous group scheduling studies, labor has essentially been ignored by assuming that enough labor is assigned to each machine in the cell. In reality, however, management usually does not have the resources to employ a laborer at each machine in the cell (i.e., machines need to share labor). Both labor scheduling and group scheduling heuristics need to be administered to manage the cell effectively. This study develops and examines scheduling procedures for a dual‐constrained (i.e., machine and labor) manufacturing cell. Eleven decision rules are developed and tested under 16 different experimental conditions. The experimental factors used are interarrival time distribution, cell load, setup‐to‐run‐time ratio, and transfer‐to‐run‐time ratio. Results show that interarrival time distribution and cell load have the greatest impact on the performance of the cell. This suggests that effective production planning aimed at reducing job arrival variation and leveling the cell load can substantially improve cell performance. Among the experimental factors, setup and transfer‐to‐run‐time ratio factors had the strongest influence on the rankings of the decision rules. These rankings were fairly robust across all experimental conditions and performance measures. The results also indicated that the inclusion of labor as a contraint in the cell had a significant impact on the performance of several group scheduling heuristics. Finally, it was shown that the best performing decision rules consider both transfer time and su

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1993.tb00488.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTDecisions in the real world usually involve imprecise information or uncertainty about the precesses by which outcomes may be determined. This research reports the results of a laboratory experiment which examined whether the structure of uncertainty, namely, both the center and the range of the probability distribution describing the uncertainty, is an important determinant of choice. Specifically, it examines how the uncertainty of audit by the Internal Revenue Service of income tax returns affects taxpayers' decisions about intentional noncompliance. The context is relevant as almost nothing is known about how taxpayers assess detection risks using the probability information they have.The study focuses on intentional noncompliance. The factors affecting it are distinct and separate from those affecting unintentional noncompliance. Other factors that affect intentional tax noncompliance, such as risk, tax rates, and penalty rates, were controlled in the experiment. It was hypothesized that the lower the mean and the lesser the range (ambiguity) of the perceived audit probability, the greater the international noncompliance. As hypothesized, the analysis indicates that both the mean and the range of the perceived audit probability rate affect intentional noncompliance, though the effect of ambiguity is greater at a relatively higher level of mean. This result suggests that the strength of the information describing an uncertain event is captured better by both the mean and the range of the uncertainty than either of those components singly.

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1993.tb00489.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper compares two approaches to the solution of weighted multiobjective linear programming problems: the fuzzy linear programming method and the minmax distance metric. The two models produce an identical solution for equally weighted objectives, but the solutions differ when the objectives are unequally weighted. This is due to the underlying meaning of the weights attached to each solution method. The paper illustrates the graphical meaning of the weights and the implications to the decision maker.

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1993.tb00490.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTArtificial neural networks are new methods for classification. We investigate two important issues in building neural network models; network architecture and size of training samples. Experiments were designed and carried out on two‐group classification problems to find answers to these model building questions. The first experiment deals with selection of architecture and sample size for different classification problems. Results show that choice of architecture and choice of sample size depend on the objective: to maximize the classification rate of training samples, or to maximize the generalizability of neural networks. The second experiment compares neural network models with classical models such as linear discriminant analysis and quadratic discriminant analysis, and nonparametric methods such ask‐nearest‐neighbor and linear programming. Results show that neural networks are comparable to, if not better than, these other methods in terms of classification rates in the training samples but not in the test sa

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1993.tb00491.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper generalizes the announced price increase problem to consider a variety of practical concerns arising out of applications ranging from foreign exchange fluctuations to upper limits on the purchase of discounted supermarket items. These include limitations on the amount that can be purchased at the old price and/or on the length of the grace period, within which buyers may take advantage of this lower price. These constraints give rise to 16 possible situations. For each situation purchasing and inventory decision rules are developed. A numerical example is discussed to highlight the main features of the models.

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1993.tb00492.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn a recent study, Mahmood and Soon [26] identified and operationalized a set of variables that can be potentially impacted by information technology. The lack of factor analysis to verify the dimensionality of different variables is a notable omission in the study. This paper describes and employs the limited‐information factor analysis approach and the minimum average partial criterion for testing the unidimensionality of different variables in the Mahmood and Soon study. While reconfirming the construct validity of eight variables, our results question the unidimensionality of two original variables. Further testimony is provided in favor of our results by citing previous research studie

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1993.tb00493.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn a 1991 paper inDecision Sciences, Camm and Burwell presented smart modeling techniques for obtaining the sensitivity of linear programs to simultaneouscommonchanges incommoninputs. This note addresses sensitivity analysis of simultaneousrelatedchanges inmultipleinputs, and shows how related multi‐parametric analysis can be performed with software that has no or only limited parametric programming capabilit

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1993.tb00494.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY