摘要:

A large-scale economic and social analysis of the commercial, domestic, and sport fisheries of the Ontario portion (247,000 hectares) of Lake of the Woods was undertaken in 1980–1982. Data were collected through surveys of Indian bands, commercial fishermen, local residents and cottagers, tourist operators, and tourist guests. Direct revenues and costs of commercial and sportfishing enterprises and of the resource management agency were estimated; domestic harvests were valued on a substitution valuation basis; and anglers' consumer surplus was valued on a contingent valuation basis. Social benefits were assessed on the basis of anecdotal information collected. Economic responses to changes in harvests were predicted, employing users' predictions of their behavioral changes in the case of the sport fisheries. As harvests were exceeding sustainable yields, four alternative allocations of the sustainable yield among user groups were identified, and the economic and social impacts and management implications of each alternative were estimated. The results were arrayed to allow decision makers and members of the public to employ their own total value frameworks in making allocation and management decisions. However, for various reasons, some inherent in social science research for resource management agencies, the study was not used to its potential as a decision-making tool after completion.

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1987)116<352:OLOTWF>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Progress has been made in theoretical and applied aspects of the economics of multiple-use planning. Traditional microeconomic approaches to multiple products have been expanded through the use of capital theory and optimal control theory. From an applied standpoint, mathematical programming and information matrices have played an important role in multiple-use planning, particularly in the U.S. Forest Service. Several continuing challenges, however, relate to all forestry and fisheries multiple-use planning efforts: the large number of products needed to represent relevant resource uses, estimation of multiple-product production possibilities, nontraditional nature of some outputs, and valuation of nonmarket products. Despite these continuing challenges, economics still shows promise by providing a consistent analysis framework, a means for analyzing opportunities, and a vehicle for delivering information to decision makers.

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1987)116<367:MRE>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper addresses the validity and usefulness of nonmonetary approaches to valuing public investments in freshwater fishery resources. It identifies, defines, and gives examples drawn from four valuation approaches: measures of social well-being, psychophysical measures, attitude measures, and multiattribute choice measures. Each of these nonmonetary approaches provides useful information regarding the socioeconomic consequences of a proposed project, thereby complementing more conventional evaluation frameworks that tend to emphasize the biological or financial implications of a change. In addition, the argument is made that greater concern should be placed on the compatibility between a selected response mode and how people customarily think about the environmental asset under consideration.

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1987)116<374:NMONFR>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

While considerable effort has been undertaken to develop fishery valuation techniques, there has been limited success in applying the results to management situations. Most of these valuation measures have been economic in nature so they must be interpreted within a broader context of valuation with particular concern for the objectives of public ownership and management. Added to the conceptual shortcomings of many valuation techniques are difficulties in securing consistent and accurate measurements. All of these limitations must be considered when valuation measures are applied to resource management situations.

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1987)116<381:PALITU>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Angling license fees have little relationship to the amount of angling, to the benefits derived by anglers, or to the cost of providing fishing opportunities. Consequently, license fees poorly perform the customary rationing function of prices in the market economy. Much has been written in the recreational fisheries literature to the effect that it could be both desirable and feasible to price access to angling resources according to the underlying supply-and-demand forces. This position is largely based on normative ideals of economic efficiency, rather than on positive, empirical analysis. Conceptual and practical difficulties remain in instituting pricing regimes commensurate with economic ideals. These are illustrated by recent changes in fishing-access prices in Ontario.

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1987)116<390:PORFAA>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The historical development of a fisheries management paradigm from the biological to the bioeconomic approach is traced and the types of research questions motivated by each are identified. A new paradigm is proposed which, in addition to the fish stock and the fishing industry, includes the institutional structure that produces, implements, and enforces management regulations. This broadening allows for questions such as, “Why do we get the types of regulations we do and what can be done to improve things?” in addition to the standard research question, “What type of regulation will work best, all else being equal?”

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1987)116<396:EOTFMP>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Development of scientific models requires understanding of the ways that professional scientific inquiry is integrated with the ordinary knowledge brought to decision making. The increasing complexity of social and economic issues affecting salmon management has led to an increased demand for analysis by social scientists. Several modeling methods have been used to evaluate projects for maintaining or enhancing stocks of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. and to analyze allocation and conservation policies. Simulation models can give insights into harvest management, decisions on total smolt releases, and effects of river management, but the complexity of the ecological, economic, and social systems places great demands on analysts. Social scientists must recognize that they are not creating information in a vacuum; rather they are adding to, verifying, and correcting a vast amount of common knowledge about fisheries.

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1987)116<405:BM>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Fisheries management involves trade-offs across recreational, commercial, and aesthetic goods. Contingent valuation assists in quantifying these trade-offs by eliciting resource values directly from the individuals who are affected by resource management. Recent research identifies three sources of potential error in contingent valuation design: (1) communication of complex policy information to individual respondents, (2) time constraints on a respondent's valuation decisions, and (3) strategic effects that arise as a respondent attempts to influence policy outcomes. A conceptual framework and design guidelines are developed for controlling these sources of error.

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1987)116<412:CVIFM>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Acid rain threatens the productivity and perhaps existence of fisheries in parts of North America and Europe. A major focus of abatement negotiations is the costs of emission controls as compared to the associated benefits in avoided environmental damages. We used Talhelm's product travel cost approach to estimate changes in angler consumer surplus under varying acid rain loadings in lakes of eastern Ontario. Under the most severe acid loadings simulated over the next 50 years, a lake-by-lake biological model predicted that 5% of the lakes would eventually provide no angling, and angling quality would significantly change in another 20%. As a result, the annual amount of angling in the region would decline by 1% (6,000 angler-days). Annual angling consumer surplus would decline 4% ($400,000 Canadian). The present value lost over the 50 years was estimated to be $6,600,000, compared to a present value loss of $328,000,000 if all angling in the region were eliminated for the entire period. We conclude that the approach is a powerful tool relative to other methods, not only for estimating economic values of existing fisheries but also for (1) evaluating angler preferences for levels of specific angling quality, (2) estimating economic values of changes (e.g., changes in creel restrictions, catch rates, species composition, and angling methods), and (3) projecting future angling use under altered management regimes. Like all socioeconomic assessment techniques, however, the reliability of the results is highly contingent on the underlying projections of ecological response and impact.

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1987)116<420:PTCA>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Improvements in the travel cost method of estimating demand for a recreational site have focused upon more complete specifications of the per capita demand function. With these refinements have come additional data requirements as well as a host of complex measurement, specification, and estimation issues. The added complexity limits the application of these methods for demand and value estimation, particularly within fisheries and other resource management agencies where the data and necessary economic and statistical skills may be lacking. This paper proposes a shortcut approach to travel cost analysis. Compared to unit-day value methods, the suggested procedures add only modest increases in data requirements and technical skills while capturing the price-quantity relationship and the influence of population distributions around the site. Substitute sites, quality variations, and other complexities of recreation demand must be handled in an ad hoc manner.

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1987)116<432:STTCM>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor