摘要:

Life-cycle and embryo-larval toxicity tests were conducted on the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) with three commercial linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), anionic surfactants commonly used in laundry detergents. The no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC), as measured in life-cycle tests or estimated from embryo-larval tests, depended on the mean alkyl chain length of the LAS and was 5.1–8.4, 0.48, and 0.11–0.25 mg/liter for C11.2, C11.7, and C13.3LAS, respectively. The embryo and larval stages of development were consistently the most susceptible. The concentration of methylene blue active substances (MBAS), a nonspecific measure of anionic surfactants, was determined in over 800 widely distributed United States stream samples. The mean alkyl chain length of LAS in municipal sewage treatment effluents was C11.5. On the assumption that LAS contributes approximately 50% of the stream MBAS, 96 to 100% of the stream samples contained LAS at concentrations below the measured or estimated NOEC for fathead minnows.

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1980)109<122:AASAOL>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The toxicity to goldfish (Carassius auratus) of mixtures of chloramines, copper, and linear alkylate sulfonate (LAS) was studied by continuous-flow toxicity tests during an exposure period of 96 hours. The individual toxicities of these three chemicals are either additive or synergistic in mixtures, depending on the rate of toxic action of the individual chemical, the toxicity ratio of the chemicals in the mixtures, and the concentration of the mixtures.

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1980)109<132:ATTGOM>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A new host (Cottus cognatus) for adults of the acanthocephalan Leptorhynchoides thecatus (Linton) is reported. Of 176 slimy sculpins examined from eastern Lake Michigan, 93% were infected by L. thecatus. The number of L. thecatus infecting slimy sculpins was directly related to size of fish. Mean number of L. thecatus per fish was 17 for males, 10 for females, and 3 for immatures. One male was infected with 132 L. thecatus.

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1980)109<142:OOTALT>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/00028487.1980.10493195

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor