摘要:

Shear stress, generated by water movement, can kill fish eggs and larvae by causing rotation or deformation. Through the use of an experimental apparatus, a series of shear (as dynes/cm 2)-mortality equations for fixed time exposures were generated for striped bass and white perch eggs and larvae. Exposure of striped bass eggs to a shear level of 350 dynes/cm2kills 36% of the eggs in 1 min; 69% in 2 min, and 88% in 4 min; exposure of larvae to 350 dynes/cm2kills 9.3% in 1 min, 30.0% in 2 min, and 68.1% in 4 min. A shear level of 350 dynes/cm2kills 38% of the white perch eggs in 1 min, 41% in 2 min, 89% in 5 min, 96% in 10 min, and 98% in 20 min. A shear level of 350 dynes/cm2applied to white perch larvae destroys 38% of the larvae in 1 min, 52% in 2 min, and 75% in 4 min. Results are experimentally used in conjunction with the determination of shear levels in the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal and ship movement for the estimation of fish egg and larval mortalities in the field.

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1976)105<149:EOSOEA>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1976)105<155:BCOPSD>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Pumped storage hydroelectric projects provide an economic way of meeting peak energy needs in electric power systems. Types and locations of pumped storage projects and their basic engineering and operations are described together with the biological impacts common as well as unique to this form of power generation. The rapid increase in the number of pumped storage projects during the last 16 years and projected future construction indicate a serious need for expanded studies to provide for better design features and reduced environmental damage. Biological studies underway and those needed are described and discussed.

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1976)105<158:PS>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The ecology of Conowingo Pond (the lower pond) and the Muddy Run Pumped Storage Pond (the upper pond) on the lower Susquehanna River in southeastern Pennsylvania was studied to determine the effects of operation of the Muddy Run Pumped Storage Station. Nearly all the species of fish present in the lower pond are now found in the upper pond. Extensive sampling in the two ponds indicates no detrimental effects of the station operation on the fishes and fisheries of Conowingo Pond. The creation of the 398.9-hectare upper impoundment serves as an area where biomass of fishes pumped up from Conowingo Pond can be increased and exploited by anglers. Wide fluctuations (up to 15 m in a weekly cycle of operation) in water level limit the reproduction of nest-building fishes in the upper pond. About 6,5 times as many fish larvae were pumped up into the upper pond as left during generation. No reliable quantitative estimates could be obtained on the percentage mortality of fishes passing through the pump-turbines. The mortality of fishes associated with the operation of the pumped storage station appears to be negligible. It is concluded that screens are not needed for the protection of fish at the Muddy Run Station. Even if a satisfactory type of screen could be installed substantial mortality due to “gilling” of fishes would occur. Sampling problems unique to the pumped storage project are discussed.

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1976)105<165:TMRPSP>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The Smith Mountain Pump Storage Project consists of two reservoirs in tandem on the Roanoke and Blackwater Rivers approximately 64 km southeast of Roanoke, Virginia. The reservoirs have provided sites for evaluating the impact of pump storage operation on primary productivity, fisheries, and water quality. Due to the location of the dam and the dendritic nature of the basin, the effect of recycling to alleviate detrimental water quality effects caused by thermal stratification were minimal. Moreover, as might be expected, the quality of water found in the upper reservoir depends upon the quality of water being recycled from the lower impoundment. Recycling appears to enhance primary productivity rates, at least in the vicinity of the dam. Pump storage operation does not appear to detract from the fishery in either reservoir. Although comprehensive studies are still needed in many areas, the results of all studies to date indicate a net beneficial effect of pump storage operation on environmental quality.

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1976)105<173:TSMP>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/00028487.1976.10492992

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor