ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1987)116<289:ITTSAO>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The Social Assessment of Fisheries Resources (SAFR) Symposium explored potentials for more fully using the problem-solving abilities of social sciences in fishery management. The SAFR papers examine the theory, methods, and applications of economics, sociology, anthropology, political science, and philosophy in relation to the kinds of evaluations faced by fishery managers, particularly in North America's Great Lakes region. In this symposium overview, we consider whether a “total value framework” could be developed to assess all pros and cons of changes in fishery resources. We reject the notion of a perfect, uniform, quantitative total value assessment method, recognizing that existing assessment practices underrepresent some value elements and overrepresent others. Total value concepts must consider both basic human values (“held” values) and monetary or equivalent values, such as those in benefit–cost analysis (“assigned” values). Out total value framework illustrates the difficulty of reconciling these disparate types of human values in ways that lend practical guidance for evaluating fishery management choices. We survey the SAFR papers within this total value framework, considering the potential contributions and shortcomings of each discipline in evaluating human value changes.

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1987)116<293:ISOATV>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Fishery managers must make decisions based on the best assessments and predictions available to them. Improvements in both biological and social sciences and their implementation are required to better protect resources (especially those in rehabilitative stages) from overharvest and habitat degradation, to more optimally and equitably utilize the available surplus, and to increase public confidence in management's assessments and predictions. Public understanding and support are essential for sustaining and increasing the benefits derived from Great Lakes fisheries.

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1987)116<302:PPOGLF>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

During the 1940s and 1950s, the major fisheries for lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in the Great Lakes declined precipitously because of predation by sea lampreys Petromyzon marinus and overfishing. The need to control the sea lamprey and rehabilitate lake trout resulted in the establishment of institutional arrangements among the responsible state, provincial, and federal fishery agencies. The early arrangements were various committees that coordinated fishery investigations and sea lamprey control during the 1940s and 1950s. These committees were eventually replaced by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, which was established in 1955 and remains the single coordinating body for fishery activities on the Great Lakes. Because most management agencies believe that lake trout return greater economic benefits in the sport rather than the commercial fishery, the catch in most areas is allocated exclusively to anglers. However, lake trout sport fisheries have recently come under more restrictive regulations, which have been opposed by some client groups such as the charter boat fishery. In the future, more public input is needed in decision processes that consider desirable mixes of salmonines and their prey for the Great Lakes. Because lake trout carry greater body burdens of contaminants than do other salmonines in the Great Lakes, a controversy exists as to how vigorously lake trout rehabilitation should be pursued when other species could be stocked in their place.

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1987)116<309:SAOLTR>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Personal perceptions of experiences associated with the origin, development, and partial implementation of the Strategic Plan for Ontario Fisheries are presented as a case history of a major fisheries management initiative. These experiences suggest that the traditional hierarchical approach to influencing political decisions tends to trap resource managers in programs that address symptoms rather than causes of basic fish management problems. A basic issue seems to be ineffective communications between agencies and the public. The remedy may lie in more effective science transfer within agencies so that all staff can distill and make use of a new level of “common sense” in talking with people. This may allow managers to better participate in the evolution of the public's value system and to help develop more realistic public expectations of the limited fish and aquatic resource base. This should result in support for new kinds of political decisions that are more effective over the long term.

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1987)116<314:IST>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Fisheries managers in the Great Lakes area and elsewhere have made relatively few efforts to gather socioeconomic information, or to use what information researchers have produced. Perhaps because resource conflicts involving fisheries have lower intensities than those involving forestry and wildlife, fisheries managers have lagged behind the other two resource professions in using socioeconomic, or human dimensions, information. A published matrix of wildlife agency decisions and concomitant needs for human dimensions information is transferred in this paper to a fisheries context. A new matrix of agency needs for human dimensions research by planning and decision-making horizons is developed and illustrated.

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1987)116<320:TOHDIN>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

While the concept of value is capable of a wide variety of interpretations, here I explore the application of mainstream economic concepts to ecosystem values. A framework for benefit-cost analysis (BCA) is presented and total economic value (TEV) is defined. Certain components of TEV–addressing expected future use, options for future use, and existence–are defined. Some conceptual and empirical difficulties are encountered when one attempts to arrive at TEV by adding up its various components. One empirical approach worthy of consideration is the direct estimation of TEV via contingent valuation methods. What role should TEV play in decisions about natural resources and the environment? I argue that the mainstream economic concept of value is derived from, and entirely consistent with, one particular approach to political philosophy. Thus, it is a complete (in concept, if not always in empirical practice) and coherent framework for public decisions. It is, nevertheless, highly contentious in this role, since many of its underlying value propositions, once they are made explicit, are far from universally acceptable. Existing laws and institutions recognize this, and limit the public role of BCA. I argue that BCA is best treated as an information system useful, but not necessarily decisive, in a diffuse and participatory policy decision process.

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1987)116<325:TEVAAB>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The role of total economic value models in public policy and environmental policy formation is explored. The relationship of benefit-cost analysis and the potential Pareto improvement criterion to government decision making and political philosophy is critiqued from a sociological perspective. Social action theory and critical theory are used to discover the social functions of benefit-cost analysis. These social functions blur the distinction between sociology and economics in environmental policy analysis.

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1987)116<336:SATEVA>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Research dealing with the economic values of Great Lakes fish has focused on sport and commercial exploitation (consumptive use values). In this paper, we ask what other types of monetary values might be associated with Great Lakes fishery resources and examine how these other types of values (indirect use values and intrinsic values) relate to values derived from exploitation. We estimate a total value of $12,000,000 per year to Wisconsin taxpayers for preservation of striped shiners Notropis chrysocephalus, a Wisconsin endangered species that is resident in a tributary of Lake Michigan. For comparison, we estimate a total value of $28,000,000 per year for preservation of bald eagles Haliaeetus leucocephalus, also endangered in Wiconsin. In neither case was consumptive use a determinant of value. We also discuss the validity of the technique used to estimate these values. We conclude that intrinsic values for Great Lakes fish may be substantial. Future research should attempt to measure total values and not just values from exploitation.

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1987)116<339:TTEVOG>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The case is presented for using the free market approach for valuation of opportunities and for efficient allocation of resources for outdoor recreation, including fishing in the Great Lakes. Competitive markets provide public consensus on values of goods and services that are or can be exchanged between buyers and sellers. Analytic methods and consumer surplus measures for valuation have been misused, confusing marginal values-market value equivalents-with all-or-none values for outdoor recreation resources.

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1987)116<346:CBTMVA>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor