摘要:

Fisheries management agencies have traditionally promoted regulations with the resource in mind. All too often, the regulations proposed have conflicted so strongly with basic social and cultural features of fishing communities that they have been massively resisted. Here, it is argued that opposition to fisheries regulations will be minimized if such regulations are congruent with the existing social and economic system. Five kinds of management proposals, designed to decrease fishing effort in the Maine lobster industry, are discussed against the background of certain key institutional features of coastal communities. Our data suggest that any attempt to decrease fishing effort by a moratorium on fishing, by taxation, or by the imposition of many biological controls (e.g., raising the legal carapace size) would be strongly resisted. On the other hand, a trap limit and limited entry scheme are consistent enough with some institutional features-especially the system of fishing territories-that they would receive substantial political support. However, the lobster industry in Maine is so heterogeneous that no managerial proposal would be universally supported.

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1975)104<653:FMASC>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Estimates of the abundance of the American lobster, Homarus americanus, in the inshore fishing grounds of Maine were made at monthly intervals by diver biologists from August 1965 through August 1967. Pairs of divers searched 540 m2of ocean bottom at the 6-12-m and 18-24-m depth intervals at two stations in the Boothbay Region of Maine. Comparative estimates of lobster abundance were made at adjacent depths of 30-60 m from the research submersibles PC-8 and Deep Diver. The relatively constant estimates of lobster abundance shoaler than 24 m suggest that large scale seasonal movements into and out of the shallow onshore fishing grounds does not occur.

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1975)104<669:SAOTAL>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Of 1,594 female lobsters examined during April 1973-1975, 55% were bearing eggs (berried). The specimens ranged in carapace length from 39 mm to 140 min. No berried females were found with carapace lengths less than 78 min. Maturity was reached by one half of the females in the 86-95 mm size class. The current minimum legal size for sport and commercial lobster fishing in Florida is 76-mm carapace length.

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1975)104<675:MSOMSL>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

After the completion of a highway construction project in Great Smoky Mountains National Park in 1963, a fish kill was noted in a small stream draining an area of roadbed fill. After 10 years, the stream remained devoid of fish for at least 8 km downstream from the fill. The downstream water had a pH of 4.5 to 5.9; upstream from the fill the pH was 6.5 to 7.0. The rock material in the fill contains iron sulfide minerals. Other streams in the area flowing on the sulfide-rich rocks also showed low pH values. Survivability tests and stream surveys showed that brook trout cannot tolerate conditions in the stream below the road fill or in a stream flowing over natural outcrops of the same rock used in construction of the road fill. Native salamanders were also adversely affected downstream from the road fill. Chemical analyses of stream water and leaching tests indicated that lowered pH and increased sulfate and metals concentrations derived from the leaching of the sulfide-rich rocks were responsible for the trout and salamander mortalities.

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1975)104<677:ARITGS>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The rate of repopulation of a stream section treated with rotenone was studied by electrofishing. Brook trout from the unaffected areas upstream had completely repopulated the area after one year. The primary repopulation was by young-of-the-year trout.

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1975)104<685:ROAESS>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Summer mark and recapture experiments were performed on the brown trout (Salmo trutta), population of the Pine River, Michigan. Three 427-m sections were divided into seven 61-m stations, and trout over 15 cm in total length from each station were marked distinctively. Even though the population density of brown trout over 15 cm in total length decreased approximately 50% from 1968 to 1969, trout movement patterns did not change. Brown trout oriented their movements around the station of original capture in both years. If a positive relationship between movement and population density exists, it exists at densities exceeding 209 trout per hectare.

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1975)104<688:RODTBT>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Sixteen sonic-tagged largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were released from 4 March 1972 to 14 April 1973 to determine water management practices and environmental factors that may affect fish movement, home range of largemouth bass, and behavior patterns associated with activity within home area. Tags had an average life of 13.8 days. They were implanted in the body cavity and seemed to have no effect on the movements of the bass. A total of 570 hours of tracking showed water temperature to be the only parameter that related to increases or decreases in movement. Diurnal movement was prevalent in the spring and fall. Nocturnal movement increased as water temperature approached summer highs. Fish were most active in March and September and least active in December and January. Home ranges differed with seasonal water temperature changes but never exceeded 100 m. Behavior patterns associated with activity within home range consisted of movements from deep to shallow water.

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1975)104<696:MOLBMS>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

During the fall of 1972, 1,762 striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum), 28-32 cm in total length, were tagged with Peterson disk tags and released in the open waters of Chesapeake Bay in the vicinity of a nuclear power station off Calvert County, Maryland. A total of 721, or 41%, of these fish were recaptured, with the majority being at large more than 30 days. Of these recaptures 629 were taken in the Maryland portion of Chesapeake Bay and tributaries, 43 were taken in the Potomac River estuary, 57 were taken in the Virginia portion of Chesapeake Bay and tributaries, and 6 were taken outside of Chesapeake Bay.

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1975)104<703:MOSBMS>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In 1974 major decisions about the estimated impact of power plants along the Hudson River were reached by courts and regulatory agencies. These cases featured several striped bass models as tools for impact assessment. Many of the models were based on assumptions relative to distribution, transport, and behavior of early life stages of striped bass. However, data from the 1965-1968 Hudson River Fisheries Investigation, the 1969-1970 Raytheon Survey, the 1971-1972 New York University ichthyoplankton study, the 1973 Texas Instruments Hudson River Fisheries Survey, and surveys in other striped bass estuaries do not support the assumptions of most of the models. Recommendations for use of models in decision-making are offered.

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1975)104<710:ACCOTB>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

First-year growth of the yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill), was determined from 28,241 young-of-the-year fish collected in the Red Lakes during the summer (1 July-20 August) in 15 seasons and on back calculations from I-annulus fish of the same year classes. Sexes did not differ in growth rate. Geographic variations in first-season growth occurred in 2 years but were not reflected at I-annulus. A consistent seasonal growth pattern in all years was linear through the summer sampling period. Growth rate after 20 August gradually declined and became nearly asymptotic by the end of the season. Growth during midsummer varied widely in different seasons, but length at I-annulus was relatively uniform (71-79 mm) for most years as the result of apparent growth compensation. Negative correlations of length on 1 July with mid-summer rate of growth and, consequently, with I-annulus length were noted. Although high summer water temperature appeared to exert a positive influence on growth, it did not obscure the compensatory phenomenon. Growth compensation is probably not affected by predation, but may be related to interaction of perch size and food availability.

ISSN:0002-8487    

DOI:10.1577/1548-8659(1975)104<718:FGOTYP>2.0.CO;2

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor