摘要:

The effectiveness of drug testing in identifying and preventing drug use was assessed by a study of intercollegiate athletes required to participate in a urine testing program. Five hundred athletes who underwent testing were contrasted with a comparison group of 124 athletes not tested. Results show that some drug-using athletes avoided detection. Although many reduced their drug usage, some continued in the same pattern as before; a few actually increased drug usage.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999009001582

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper examines differences among three racial groups in exposure to three risk factors for drug use (availability of drugs, acceptability of drug use, and peer alcohol use), and the relationship of these factors to drug use initiation in a sample of preadolescent urban youths. Tobacco and alcohol initiation rates were highest among Whites, lower among Blacks, and lowest among Asian-Americans. Paralleling these differences, White youths reported the greatest access to marijuana, greatest parental tolerance of substance use, and greatest intentions to use drugs as adults, Blacks somewhat less, and Asian-Americans the least. No racial differences appear in the proportion who reported that their peers used alcohol. Marijuana availability and peer use predicted substance initiation for all three racial groups. However, intentions to use substances as an adult and perceived parental tolerance of substance use predicted drug use only for White and Asian-American youths, while the expectation of punishment for drug use predicted lower drug use only among Black youths. Implications for prevention are discussed.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999009001583

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

IntroductionThe proportion of reported AIDS cases is currently low among heterosexuals without any reported risk factors. Further spread of HIV into this population will certainly depend on their sexual contact with drug users [1-4]. The AIDS epidemic has forced investigators to turn their attention to the histories of high risk sexual behaviors and drug-using patterns among their respondents. Primarily studies have been initiated on needle-sharing, homosexual, and other high risk samples, which limits the generalizability of such findings.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999009001584

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The present study, involving 132 narcotic addicts with multiple periods of addiction, examines trends in criminal activity and drug use over successive periods of addiction and successive periods of nonaddiction during an average 15-year addiction career. Significant decreases over successive addiction periods were found for four (of five) categories of crime: theft, violence, drug distribution, and“other”crime (primarily gambling). These results appear to be accounted for by a disproportionately high level of crime during the first addiction period. Criminal activity, most notably theft and violence, decreased over successive periods of nonaddiction, though not significantly. Although more evidence is needed, a particularly large addiction vs nonaddiction disparity in crime rates for Hispanic addicts revealing a low propensity for crime when not addicted suggests that crime reduction may be a reasonable objective in the treatment of these individuals. With regard to drug use over the addiction career, the most dramatic increases over time were found for illicit methadone and cocaine. Rates of heroin and marijuana use declined. Generally, nonnarcotic drug use, other than use of cocaine and Valium, tended to decrease progressivelyovertime regardless of addiction status. These results, along with findings relevant to the“maturing out of addiction,”are discussed.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999009001585

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This study reports on the social problem-solving interactions of young adolescents in single-parent and intact families on substance-specific and nonsubstance-related issues. Although research has shown die impact of families on adolescent substance use, all of die previous results have been based on questionnaire or interview data. A sample of 128 families was selected from a larger sample of 763 within a longitudinal study of adolescent substance use. Parent(s) and one adolescent, aged 11–15, participated in interactions which were videotaped for later coding. In three standard scenarios, the families discussed fictional assignments from a health class teacher about the use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana. In addition, they discussed an issue salient to diem that was the source of recent conflict. Results showed that aversive affective behavior was more likely to be displayed by substance-using adolescents, whether or not die issue was drug-related. Mothers' and fathers' alcohol use was also shown to contribute to alcohol and cigarette use among their children, while fathers' smoking contributed to marijuana and hard drug use. These data suggest that such families may not be skilled at resolving issues and coping with life's difficulties whether or not they are drug-related.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999009001586

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In order to ascertain the relative impact of coercion by a welfare program on retention in an ambulatory alcoholism program, records of 178 consecutive admissions to an inner-city alcoholism clinic were reviewed. Patients who came to the clinic via coerced referral from a public assistance agency were as likely to remain in treatment for at least nine sessions as self-referred patients.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999009001587

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A survey of 104 deaths involving phencyclidine (PCP) occurring from 1981 through 1986 in metropolitan St. Louis, Missouri, is presented. Four black males (22-33 yr) died from fatal PCP intoxication. PCP was detected in an additional 100 deaths: 81 homicides, 13 suicides, and 6 accidental deaths. Seventy-five of these deaths were homicides of Black males (mean age 27 years) typically dying from gunshot wounds, 64 cases. In 50% of deaths where PCP was detected, other drugs were co-administered: ethanol (35%) and cocaine (20%) being the most common mixtures. A dramatic continuous increase in PCP abuse from 1984 through 1986 was demonstrated by drug abuse indicator data: treatment admissions, emergency room episodes, police exhibits, and driving under the influence of PCP arrests. Increased abuse of PCP in St. Louis has been associated with increased medical emergencies and violence against persons.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999009001588

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In a six-month double-blind study in an inpatient chemical dependency facility, 29 cocaine-dependent subjects were studied to determine if the amino acids, L-tryptophan and L-tyrosine, would decrease cocaine craving and withdrawal symptoms. Those subjects receiving placebo were shown to have a statistically significant increase in only one physical symptom category. The drug craving and other major physical and subjective symptoms were not shown to be significant. This study is consistent with a literature review in demonstrating that the amino acids do not significantly reduce most symptoms of cocaine craving and withdrawal when used alone.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999009001589

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

It has been postulated that many alcoholics use alcohol to“self-medicate”symptoms of anxiety or panic. Early diagnosis and treatment in this population are both complicated by symptoms of alcohol withdrawal and controversial because of the belief that alcoholics will abuse anxiolytics. The authors present three patients with alcoholism in whom diagnosis of panic was facilitated by intravenous lactate infusion, and whose symptoms were alleviated by clonazepam. All three patients were able to maintain sobriety during treatment. The authors conclude that in a subpopulation of alcoholics, pharmacotherapy for panic may be indicated and not lead to anxiolytic abuse.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999009001590

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper touches upon several important issues in our current understanding of alcohol and other drug use and abuse by women. Societal attitudes as both protective and destructive forces are discussed. Recent findings relating to physiology and psychopathology are also discussed in relation to casefinding and treatment. Finally, a number of current prevention and policy considerations are mentioned.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999009001591

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor