摘要:

The objective of this paper is to describe drinking patterns, alcohol problems, attitudes toward drinking and drunkenness, and attitudes toward appropriate drinking among Mexican-Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Cuban-Americans. Subjects were selected through a multistage probability procedure from the United States Hispanic population 18 years of age and older living in households. Data were collected in face to face interviews conducted in the respondent's home. The response rate for the survey was 72%. The results indicate that Mexican-Americans drink more and have more problems. While 22% of Mexican-American men report at least one alcohol problem, only 8% of Puerto Ricans and 3% of Cuban-Americans do so. Mexican-Americans are also more accepting of drinking than Puerto Ricans and Cuban-Americans. This is especially so when drinking means drinking enough to feel the effects of alcohol. The generalizability of these findings is somewhat limited by the small number of Cuban-Americans and Puerto Ricans interviewed in the 1984 survey analyzed here. Thus, rather than providing a definitive description of alcohol use among Cuban-Americans and Puerto Ricans on the mainland, this paper should be seen as an enticement for further research. Future studies with United States Hispanics should therefore attempt to confirm the findings in larger and more stable samples of these two groups.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998809001552

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Pretreatment and posttreatment Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) affiliation was investigated in respect to treatment outcome, demographic variables, and psychometric variables for 173 consecutive admissions to a residential behaviorally oriented, multimodal treatment program. Few variables were found to distinguish clients who chose to affiliate with AA following treatment from those who did not. However, AA attenders tended to report a higher incidence of and more severe alcohol-related problems prior to treatment. Pretreatment AA affiliation was not found to influence prognosis significantly. However, an infrequent or irregular pattern of posttreatment AA attendance was associated with a much poorer prognosis than either regular attendance or nonattendance. Success:failure ratios were statistically equivalent for the latter two groups. It is suggested that the poor outcome evident among the infrequent attenders may be the result of“misaffiliation”or incomplete affiliation with the fellowship and/or the presence of a problem which supersedes the alcohol abuse.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998809001553

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to apply Conley and Prioleau's MMPI classification system to predict drinking and adjustment outcome for a sample of 113 inpatient alcoholics. Although a dual grouping (termed“reactive”and“essential”) of the original six MMPI subtypes was found to be more useful for this sample size, the findings, nevertheless, supported the predictive value of this MMPI classification system. The“essential”group, derived from a triad of Psychopathic and Schizoform MMPI types was rated as drinking significantly more often during 4 years after treatment than the“reactive”group, derived from a triad of Neurotic and Classic MMPI types (Fisher'sp=. 02). Females classified as the“essential”MMPI group were rated as having significantly poorer adjustment (Fisher'sp=. 007) than females classified as the“reactive”MMPI group.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998809001554

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A mechanism for rapid death in cocaine abusers is proposed based on the neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). The mechanism involves decreased postsynaptic availability of dopamine either through direct receptor blockade, as postulated in classical NMS, or through relative dopamine depletion, as postulated in cocaine withdrawal. The hallmark symptoms of NMS include hyperpyrexia and muscular rigidity, but the cocaine associated syndrome is atypical in having minimal rigidity. This lack of muscle rigidity, however, appears to be consistent with NMS-like syndromes accompanying other conditions involving dopamine depletion rather than blockade. Treatment implications are that dopamine antagonists, which are usually prescribed for cocaine overdose, may be contraindicated and instead, dopamine agonists may reverse this rapidly fatal syndrome.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998809001555

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The frequencies of 15 self-reported symptoms of cocaine withdrawal were compared in 75 subjects to the symptoms listed as criteria by DSM-III and DSM-III-R for either amphetamine or cocaine withdrawal. Three of the four most frequently reported symptoms, depression (75%), sleep disturbance (71%), and fatigue (69%), corresponded to DSM-III and DSM-III-R criteria. The only other DSM-III symptom, increased dreaming (33%), was infrequently reported, lending support to its deletion by DSM-III-R. Physical withdrawal symptoms, which are generally unappreciated in cocaine withdrawal, were reported by 64% of the sample. Neither the DSM-III criteria nor the new DSM-III-R criteria include other frequent symptoms which might contribute to relapse and impaired functioning, such as craving (69%), apathy/amotivation (67%), and restlessness (64%). Thus, these criteria may be too narrowly defined for treatment purposes.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998809001556

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

During a 2.5-yr follow-up of 263 opioid addicts, suicidality was examined as a predictor of outcome and as an outcome to be predicted among initially nonsuicidal addicts. Suicidality predicted poor medical, psychosocial, and substance abuse outcomes, but fewer legal problems during follow-up. Among the 218 initially nonsuicidal opioid addicts, subsequent suicidality was not associated with a history of drug overdoses, and psychosocial factors predictive of future suicidality differed from factors associated with a history of overdoses. Factors associated with overdoses included alcoholism, poor social adjustment, and legal problems, while depression, neuroticism, and family problems predicted suicidality during the subsequent 2.5 yr.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998809001557

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This study compared the contexts and reasons for drinking of a maritally violent group as compared to three nonviolent comparison groups. We found that the maritally violent group reported higher levels of alcohol consumption in all of the drinking context items with the most significant differences being on drinking at home after work, at home while playing with the kids, at recreational activities, at home by oneself, on the job, at workday lunch, and with people after work. While we did find significant differences, the mean level of consumption in all contexts was relatively low. We found that the maritally violent men tended to drink to forget worries, pains, and stresses in their lives more so than the nonviolent groups. At least half the maritally violent men reported that drinking accompanied abusive events at least occasionally, while about one-third reported it often or very often accompanied their abuse. We concluded that while our findings indicate that alcohol use may facilitate marital violence, they also suggest that alcohol use and mental abuse may be symptoms of other individual, structural, or cultural norm factors. Therapy should not focus exclusively on alcohol use, but on underlying causes of both alcohol use and spouse abuse.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998809001558

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Substance abuse among medical students and residents, while not new, has increased in frequency, appears earlier, and is more apt to involve illicit drugs. In addition to these pathological changes, certain mental health resources for medical students have declined (although there is considerable variability from one location to another). These changes have stimulated certain innovative approaches to such problems. Both these recent problems as well as recent responses for dealing with them are presented.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998809001559

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The relationship between cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption behavior during pregnancy was examined in a select group of Danish women and their spouses. Five-hundred consecutive women who had uncomplicated pregnancies and delivered full-term babies were interviewed 3 + days postpartum. Information was collected about smoking and drinking behavior of all household members during pregnancy. Weg found (1) a high percentage of Danish women (70%) and their spouses (80%) consume alcohol during pregnancy, and (2) a significant correlation between maternal and paternal smoking (r=. 25,P*. 0001) and maternal and paternal drinking (r=. 35,P*. 0001). These data suggest that even though the potential dangers of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy have been well publicized, there is still a high percentage of women who participate in such behaviors. There may also exist an important role for the father in affecting these two behaviors and therefore indirectly affecting fetal development.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998809001560

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A social learning model which incorporates measures from both the sociological perspective of differential association and the psychological perspective of behavior reinforcement is analyzed as an explanation of continued alcohol and marijuana use among youths. Data were gathered at two points in time from a sample of adolescents from New Jersey. The measurement and structural relationships among peer associations, attitudes, reinforcing and punishing consequences, and patterns of use were examined. It was found that, overall, the model fit the data for use of both substances, proving to be invariant across age and gender groups. The most pronounced difference between the alcohol and marijuana models was that differential associations exhibited the strongest relationship to maintenance of alcohol use while reinforcers were most salient to continued marijuana use.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998809001561

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor