摘要:

Our ability to predict the outcome of psychological treatments, particularly for drug dependence, is examined by (1) new data on a VA sample, (2) a review of studies predicting the outcome of drug abuse treatment, and (3) a review of predicting the outcome of psychotherapy for other types of patients. For (1), the direct predictions of 13 staff members' ratings of the outcome of treatment correlated. 27 with the outcome. Although staff predictions improved when grosser predictions were examined, the results are disappointing given the level of discrimination required and the modest levels of prediction attained. For (2), prediction success with drug abuse patients in other studies were also disappointing and the bases for predictions often did not hold up on crossvalidation. For (3), direct predictions in the Penn Psychotherapy Study were similar to the VA sample in level of success. Other studies produced insignificant or similarly low levels of prediction success. In our discussion we suggest that rather than relying mainly upon pretreatment status for prediction, two promising areas should be examined in future studies: (1) the patient's early response to the treatment and to the therapist, (2) the patient's environment posttreatment that should be altered to consolidate and perpetuate the gains made during treatment. In conclusion, it is true that we are surprisingly unable to predict the outcomes of psychological treatments beyond a very modest level.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997809007015

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Little data exists relative to ongoing treatment of adolescent phencyclidine (PCP) abusers. This paper presents data gathered on a cohort of 87 residents in an adolescent social rehabilitation program. Approximately 50% of this cohort were either chronic or occasional PCP users. Both groups were found to be regular users of other drugs. Demographic characteristics are described, as are behaviors and symptoms reflective of various emotional and behavioral problems. When length of stay of non-PCP users and occasional and chronic users was compared, it was found that chronic users remain in treatment longest. No PCP-induced psychosis was found. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, aggitation, and other reported psychological effects of PCP were seen. Considerations for treatment are briefly discussed.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997809007016

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The level of heroin craving was monitored in patients receiving naltrexone on a regular basis. Meetings and interviews conducted twice weekly attested to a pattern of craving reduction in most but not all the addicts. It was also found that it usually took 3 to 5 weeks for this effect to occur. The possible relationship between drug craving and participation in the naltrexone program is discussed.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997809007017

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The employment patterns of 342 male methadone maintenance patients who remained in treatment for at least 1 year are examined. Four periods in the patients' lives are considered: (1) the period before addiction, (2) the period of addiction, (3) the time of entry into the treatment program, and (4) the first treatment year. Although more than three-quarters of the patients were employed regularly during the period before addiction, only about one-quarter were employed while addicted. At entry into the program 15% were employed, and 25% worked regularly during the first treatment year. An examination of some demographic, social, and work-related correlates of employment status during each period revealed that factors such as ethnicity, educational attainment, marital status, alcohol use, previous employment, and attitudes toward work were all important in relation to patients' employment status at one or more of the four periods. The treatment program had only a moderate impact on patients' attitudes toward work and employment behavior.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997809007018

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper makes a special study of how one question in an index frequently has as much relationship to students involvement in drug use as the entire attitudinal index developed from many questions. If one or two questions can cover an attitudinal area as well as many, this has significant implications for future surveying. Frequently, researchers want to develop much longer questionnaires than can be easily administered, and therefore have to leave out some crucial areas of interest. It was found that in each of the following attitudinal areas-family, school, friends, taking risks, and opinions about drugs-one item in each area had as much relationship to drug use as the entire indiex built on many items.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997809007019

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Patient samples from methadone maintenance and detoxification programs are examined for their patterns of criminal activity before, during, and after treatment. Demographic, sociological, and criminal history variables are tested for their ability to account for changes in arrest patterns over time. While the number of arrestees decline after entering treatment, certain groups remain at high risk of arrest and/or conviction. Patterns of crime as measured by official arrest statistics do not appear stable over time for the treatment cohorts.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997809007020

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

One hundred sixty-one male veterans with a history of drug abuse were administered a battery of background questions as well as self-concept measures prior to entering a Substance Abuse Unit at the VA Hospital in Miami. Significant interaction effects were found when a 2 2 analysis of variance was run using heroin/nonheroin as one factor and completer/dropout as the other. Nonheroin drug abusers who subsequently completed treatment entered the program with the lowest self-concepts, highest ideals (with respect to the self), and were most often high school dropouts. Nonheroin drug abusers who eventually dropped out of treatment entered with relatively high self-concepts, low ideals, and were more often high school graduates. On the other hand, heroin users showed the opposite trend. Heroin users who eventually completed treatment began with higher self-concepts, lower ideals, and more education than the heroin users who became dropouts. It is suggested that a generalized feeling of optimism and motivation surrounds the completer, while the dropout seems to lack such drive.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997809007021

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper sets forth qualitative and quantitave indicators of hierarchy as presumably experienced by members of a drug-free program. We argue that the staffs expectations concerning such hierarchy and its role in rehabilitation may be given an objective rendering without necessarily distorting members' views or treating them as merely reflections of the staff's.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997809007022

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper examines the relationship between drug abuse and suicide. It attempts to assess the extent of suicidal thoughts or behaviors among a group of drug abusers. The research examines variables related to self-destructive or self-endangering behaviors, such as accidental overdoses, arrests for driving under the influence, and auto accidents in which the subject was the driver. These data were examined in relation to reports of suicidal thoughts and actual suicide attempts.The results indicate a suicide attempt rate at least 12 times greater then expected for the general population. The results also indicate significant correlations between suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts, suicidal thoughts and nonsuicidal overdoses, and arrests for driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol and non-suicidal overdoses. The implications of these results along with the role of depression are discussed.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997809007023

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Five hundred and ninety-two Anglo, Mexican American, and American Indian students from nine selected 2-year colleges in the Southwest were given a self-administered questionnaire with items related to problem drinking (dependent variable) and various social psychological and demographic information (independent variables). Analyses included discriminant analysis, chi square, and eta. While ethnicityper secontributed little to the discrimination of problem from nonproblem drinkers, several other variables provided an overall correct classification (discrimination) rate of 79.73%. These variables were, in order of discriminating power: neighborhood people drink, veteran status, live life differently, close friend with drinking problem, drink because acquaintances drink, and age. It is hypothesized that the psychological principle of individual differences, and the significance of some other study variables, may have overshadowed any ethnic effect. Measurement problems in this area are discussed as well as some potential research directions.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997809007024

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor