摘要:

Survey research on levels of use and attitudes toward marijuana by youth indicate a consistently favorable attitude toward occasional, moderate use. Use of marijuana is contrasted with the use of alcohol and tobacco by youth. Research findings re the dangers of marijuana use are summarized. The inability of legislators and law enforcement personnel to control access to and use of marijuana, coupled with the high cost of our present legal response to the marijuana challenge, leads to recommending the legalization of marijuana, as well as, developing a generic primary prevention program for marijuana abuse which features distinguishing“responsible use”from“abuse.”Criteria for judging marijuana abuse are provided.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998109009552

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

What is being suggested as the most feasible course now is a standfast position on the legal front; an aggressive, directed research program planned to answer the critical questions about marijuana; and a discouragement policy for adolescents. Legalization is not seen as a tenable solution for many reasons, and it is one that may be irreversible and regretted.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998109009553

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The narcotic antagonist, naltrexone, was studied in 242 patients during a 6-year period. Although a large number of subjects discontinued naltrexone abruptly, treatment was related to a significant decrease in opiate and nonopiate drug use. Methods for improving retention during induction and maintenance are discussed and posttreatment outcome results are presented. The authors conclude that naltrexone may be a useful short-term treatment option for opiate dependence.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998109009554

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Chronic PCP use is discussed. A treatment facility and a treatment modality for such subjects is described. Demographic and other data is presented on 182 consecutive PCP abusers discharged from this unit from June 1979 to April 1980.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998109009555

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The increasing prevalence of multiple drug use among adolescents presents researchers with complex conceptual and measurement issues. This work examines definitions of and indicators of multiple drug use involvement, as well as the interrelationships between indices of drug involvement incorporating different dimensions. Data regarding the relationship between patterns of alcohol use and illicit drug use in a population of 1473 teenagers interviewed in a northwestern metropolitan community indicate that: (1) regardless of the dimensions incorporated into four different indices of drug involvement examined, intercorrelations between indices were strong; (2) although the correlations between indices of drug involvement and overall levels of alcohol intake were uniformly weak, it was shown that levels of drug involvement vary directly with the maximum volume of alcohol used. Although the results of the current investigation must be viewed cautiously because of the concentration of heavy users of both alcohol and drugs in the population upon which the research is based, among adolescents, the spacing of drinking episodes and the patterning of alcohol intake may be more important determinants of polydrug involvement than the quantity of alcohol consumed.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998109009556

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The literature on inpatient and outpatient treatment of alcohol and drug abusers is reviewed. In addition, attrition as a major factor in treatment is examined. While several hypothesized advantages for both inpatient and outpatient treatment are advanced, it is pointed out that, because of methodological and situational differences among the studies, comparisons are difficult and risky to make. After suggesting that there is little evidence to cause one to tout either inpatient or outpatient treatment based on relative effectiveness, it is proposed that a flexible treatment program utilizing both inpatient and outpatient treatment with a focus on reducing attrition is most likely to maximize effectiveness.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998109009557

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This study evaluates the implications of two alcoholism prevention models. The single distribution (log-normal) model posits that the average level of consumption in a society is sufficient to account for the rate of alcoholism; the sociocultural model suggests that variables other than consumption account for alcoholism. Factor analysis and multiple regression were used to assess interstate differences in average alcohol consumption and alcoholism rates. Consumption, controlling for alcoholism rate, was found not wholly to be an economic phenomenon but rather was predicted byurban conditions(a factor measuring unintegrated foreign-born and minority groups and external social control) and two alcohol availability factors. Alcoholism rate was predicted byurban conditionsand a social isolation factor,isolated females.Consumption was not a significant predictor of alcoholism in this multivariable analysis. It was concluded that it is an oversimplification to view alcoholism merely as an extension of heavy drinking. Availability is not a unitary dimension and appears, furthermore, to have little potential utility in controlling consumption of alcoholism. Neither of the two availability factors was related to alcoholism; bootlegging appears to be a compensatory mechanism for offsetting low legal availability. The results imply that alcohol control policies and alcoholism prevention need to be directed toward alleviating anomie and social isolation. A variety of efforts toward these ends are suggested: senior citizens programs, minority employment programs, English enhancement training for the foreign-born, etc.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998109009558

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Alcoholics Anonymous as a treatment modality for alcoholism has been widely accepted by both the public and mental health professionals. Evidence cited in this exploratory study of Alcoholics Anonymous membership among alcoholics in treatment demonstrated critical differences between Alcoholics Anonymous members and nonmembers on important dimensions related to the treatment of alcoholism. Alcoholics Anonymous members demonstrated a greater degree of internal locus of control, greater expectations of the successful outcome of treatment and less existential anxiety as compared to nonmembers. Since these attributes are commonly encouraged in both the psychotherapeutic treatment of alcoholism and the 12 steps of Alcoholics Anonymous, the utilization of Alcoholics Anonymous as a adjunct to traditional therapy for alcoholism may reinforce important therapeutic goals.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998109009559

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A difficulty in the treatment of alcoholism is that many alcoholics referred to treatment programs never reach the referral destination, or if they do, they seldon remain involved in those programs. The present study attempted to increase participation in Alcoholics Anonymous and Al-Anon meetings. Twenty clients were selected from an outpatient mental health alcoholism treatment program and randomly assigned to either a standard referral procedure which involved giving the client information about Alcoholics Anonymous or Al-Anon; encouraging the client to attend; and providing information concerning time, date, and location of weekly meetings; or to a systematic encouragement and community access procedure which involved a phone call being made in the counseling session to a local Alcoholics Anonymous or Al-Anon member in which the member briefly talked to the client about the meeting, offered to give a ride to the client and to meet the client before the meeting and having the Alcoholics Anonymous or Al-Anon member call the client the night of the meeting to remind them of it and to encourage them to come. The results of this study showed that 100% of the experimental group attended Alcoholics Anonymous or Al-Anon within 1 week of referral and continued to attend, whereas none of the control group ever attended. The results of this study suggest that the systematic encouragement and community access procedure are significantly more effective than standard referral systems.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998109009560

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Two social psychological theories (the Fishbein Model and the Health Belief Model) were used to derive attitude and belief factors to predict intentions to drive while under the influence of alcohol and actual drinking-driving behavior in a college population. The results revealed strong support for the Fishbein theory; attitudes and normative beliefs predicted intentions, while intentions were the best predictor of subsequent behavior. From the Health Belief Model, specific beliefs regarding one's effectiveness at being able to avoid getting caught by the police and cause an accident while driving under the influence of alcohol were also significantly related to drinking-driving intentions and behavior. These findings indicate that decisions to drink and drive are the result of one's personal evaluation of this behavior and one's perceived ability to control the threatening consequences. Thus drinking and driving may continue to be so prevalent in a college population because they erroneously believe that they are still safe drivers and effective at controlling the attendant risks.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998109009561

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor