摘要:

A survey of an accidental sample of 100 addict-clients indicates that approximately two-thirds of addicts induct others into the heroin culture. Typically, the number of new users recruited in this way is no more than one or two new users contacted by each experienced addict. The problems of interdicting the transmission process is complicated not only by the large numbers of persons involved in that process, but is further complicated by the fact that new users are recruited relatively early in the experienced users' careers when they are least likely to be known to treatment or law enforcement officials. The work of interdicting the spread of phenomenon is still further complicated by the fact that heroin is transmitted between friends under circumstances the experienced user can characterize, if with some possible exaggeration, as involving an effort to share a pleasurable experience and/or to meet others' requests.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997609014292

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

One hundred ninety-two Black, male heroin addicts in various phases of treatment and nontreatment, including never-treated active addicts and actively addicted treatment dropouts, were systematically interviewed for early life events, psychosocial variables, and natural history of addiction. This report presents the chronology of the addiction problem from childhood as well as evidence of significant early antisocial activities predating drug use in this population. Data on family characteristics, arrests, problems in formal schooling, and adult activities are summarized. The current work is compared to earlier data on comparable populations.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997609014293

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Preliminary findings for the first cohort of a national follow-up study of drug users admitted to treatment in the Drug Abuse Reporting Program (DARP) during 1969–1971 are reported. From a sample of 1,853 selected for follow-up, 87% were located and interviews were completed for 77%. Gross tabulations are shown comparing several outcome measures based on pre-DARP treatment, the posttreatment period, and for the 2 months before interview. Sixty-one percent of all patients returned to treatment at some time after DARP termination. Decreases in drug use, expecially of opioids, were substantial and were generally accompanied by improvements in other outcome measures as well. Plans for more detailed and informative analysis of these and related DARP data are addressed.The work upon which this publication is based was performed under Contract H81 DA 01598–02S1 by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, Department of Health, Education

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997609014294

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Highlights are presented on the issue of drug use among servicemen in Vietnam and its aftereffects. Two stages of Vietnam drug use are identified-a period of increasing marijuana use followed by the 1970 influx of highly potent heroin to which 1/5 of the enlisted troops were addicted at some time during their tour. The major contributing factors appear to be: (1) the need of troops in stressful combat situations for self-medication, escape, and hedonistic indulgence; (2) the relaxation of taboos against drug use in the United States; and (3) the availability of illicit drugs at low cost, which was apparently the result of profiteering by a number of South Vietnamese officials. Related to the above was the growing disenchantment with the war and the progressive deterioration in unit morale. These drugs are seen as serving many of the functions performed by alcohol in earlier military conflicts. There is no hard evidence that duty performance in Vietnam was seriously affected by drug use. Since 95% of those who were addicted to narcotics in Vietnam have not become readdicted, the situation does not appear to be as severe as originally supposed. Myths as to the persistence and intractibility of physiological narcotic addiction were dispelled. A major negative effect has been the difficulty that soldiers with less-than-honorable discharges due to drug abuse have had in obtaining jobs. Other long-term effects from drug use are less clear and are difficult to separate from the overall effects of the war.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997609014295

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The sociocultural structure of contemporary urban heroin-using communities is delineated using the dimensions“being hooked,”“scoring,”and“hustling”on“the street.”A concentric ring model is constructed with four rings: (innermost) the street dealing network, other criminal hustles, employed addicts, and a peripheral“recruitment”area (outermost). The model is used to define differential intentions toward and responses to methadone maintenance treatment among members of the heroin community.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997609014296

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Illegal drug use in a population of 3,807 junior high school students in a suburban area appeared strongly correlated with family instability, student personal problems, and low academic performance. Use of tranquilizers, amphetamines, and sedatives was often motivated by attempts at self-medication to reduce painful feelings. Over 14% of illegal users took an overdose with about half of them intentional. Illegal users and nonusers agreed that drug education programs and the threat of legal penalties had little influence in their decisions about drugs.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997609014297

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The incidence and patterns of drug overdose admissions to the University of Michigan Medical Center Emergency Suite were studied for the first 3 months of each year from 1956 to 1970 Among variables investigated with regard to age, sex, and time comparisons were types of drugs used, purpose of ingestions, medical condition on arrival, disposition after emergency care, and history of treatment for emotional problems.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997609014298

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Problems the Abraxas Foundation encountered in accommodating therapeutic community practices to the justice system in order to develop an alternative for court-stipulated drug offenders are reviewed. First, traditional expectations for prospective clients' motivation proved to be unrealistic. Second, courts' needs for information on their clients' progress appeared to conflict with client confidentiality laws. Finally, Abraxas resented what it initially took to be the courts' intrusion into program affairs. In response, Abraxas has sensitized its staff to the courts' role, established a uniform policy on progress reports, promoted communications with external agencies, and emphasized coordination of treatment effort with court officials.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997609014299

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Earlier work from this laboratory showed thatΔ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) from marijuana addedin vitroto synaptic membranes from rat brain bound to the membranes and inhibited the NaK-ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase, E.C. 3.6.1.3) enzyme system. The present study was carried outin vivoon the same enzyme. The dosages of THC given to the animals are less than the hypothermic dosages and in some instances are less than the dosages required to give the lethargic or anesthetic-like effects of THC when combined with alcohol. The dosages used in this study were 2 mg/kg in 10% ethanol in 5 ml of balanced salt solution (BSS), and 1 mg/kg in 5% ethanol in 5 ml of BSS. All percentage depressions of the NaK-ATPase in the rat synaptic membranes were calculated above the change brought about by ethanol alone. Inhibition was shown in this study to vary with the dosages of THC, and in all instances a high degree of inhibition was shown in the sodium pump activity of synaptic membranes at 20 minutes after THC administration to the rats. It is believed that these studies add to the present understanding of the effects of cannabinoids on human subjects in that the sodium pump activity at synaptic membranes is undoubtedly a dose-dependent phenomenon as are the observations of the effects of marijuana usage in humans.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997609014300

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997609014301

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor