摘要:

Thirty-nine opioid-dependent outpatients were treated with the partial agonist buprenorphine at 2 to 6 mg/day for 1 month. Treatment retention was good (72%), and illicit opioid use decreased from 50% overall to 17% for those who remained in treatment. Precipitated withdrawal symptoms were mild and related to dose of buprenorphine. At the end of this month, 28 subjects were abruptly discontinued from buprenorphine and given the antagonist naltrexone. Withdrawal symptoms from buprenorphine were quite mild, and naltrexone was initiated in 20 patients (51 % of total or 71 % of those 28 completing 30 days on buprenorphine), but only 4 patients (10% overall) were successfully maintained on naltrexone for at least 2 weeks.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999108992815

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Changes in a test of memory performance were evaluated in 103 healthy young men after challenges with placebo and two different doses of intravenous diazepam (0.12 and 0.20 mg/kg). Both diazepam doses significantly impaired free recall in a dose-dependent manner. Within each dose challenge there was no significant correlation between the average serum diazepam or desmethyldiazepam levels and the average number of words recalled across the time points. The data expand our current understanding of the amnestic effects of benzodiazepines and suggest that patients abusing these drugs in large doses may develop profound degrees of memory impairment.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999108992816

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

We conducted a single-blind, random assignment, placebo-controlled, 12-week comparison of desipramine hydrochloride and amantadine hydrochloride as adjunctive treatments to counseling for cocaine dependence. Subjects were 54 outpatients who met DSMIII-R criteria for active cocaine dependence and who completed a minimum of 2 weeks of treatment. Subjects treated with fixed doses of 200 mg/day desipramine (N = 17), 400 mg/day amantadine-placebo (N = 16), and placebo (N = 21) did not differ for lifetime cocaine use, lifetime histories of psychopathology, admission scores on psychometric assessments, and sociodemographics. All treatment groups demonstrated dramatic and persistent decreases in cocaine use, craving for cocaine, and psychiatric symptoms consequent to treatment. Although there was a trend for more dropouts by subjects taking desipramine, there were no significant differences among treatment groups regarding retention in treatment, craving for cocaine, and decreased cocaine use confirmed by urine toxicology. There was a trend for subjects treated with desipramine to maintain longer periods of cocaine abstinence. Mean plasma concentration of desipramine in a subsample of our subjects was less than that recommended for treatment of depression, thus the dosage of desipramine may have been subtherapeutic.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999108992817

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The validity of the Drug Abuse Scale (T) from the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) was studied by administering the MCMI to 110 male veterans seeking treatment for opioid or cocaine dependence. Only 26 and 23 % of the sample obtained base rate (BR) scores above the clinical relevant cutoffs of 84 and 74, respectively. Covariables associated with elevated scores on the T Scale were Black race, presence of narcissistic/antisocial personality features, and more severe psychopathology in general. The authors urge caution in using the Drug Abuse Scale for the purpose of identifying drug abusers.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999108992818

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The emerging epidemic of anabolic-androgenic steroid use, no longer confined to elite athletes, is associated with adverse health consequences for which users may seek treatment. As with other forms of drug abuse, patients may deny or hide their use of steroids while seeking treatment for bothersome side effects or other problems. Thus, clinicians may increasingly, but unknowingly, see patients who are using steroids. Early detection and treatment of steroid abuse and dependence is critical in order to prevent serious and potentially fatal consequences. Therefore, it is incumbent upon clinicians to know the signs and symptoms of using steroids, and to be familiar with the clinical indications for urine testing. Using case examples, the authors review the assessment of steroid abuse and dependence in clinical practice and illustrate the role of urine testing in the assessment process.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999108992819

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

One hundred thirty solvent abusers were retrospectively identified from a family study containing 286 alcoholics, 157 felons, 60 control subjects, and 1,640 of their relatives. Comprehensive data regarding psychiatric diagnosis and drug use were gathered using the Home Environment Lifetime Psychiatric Record. Solvent abuse was very strongly associated with having a diagnosis of Antisocial Personality Disorder and was consistently associated with polysubstance abuse. Solvent abusers were more likely to be male, of lower socioeconomic status, and younger than those without a reported history of solvent abuse. Contrary to current understanding, solvent use did not clearly precede other substance use; rather, alcohol and cannabis use tended to occur first, followed by use of solvents. Solvent users were 5 to 10 times more likely than nonusers to report abuse of opioids, stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogens.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999108992820

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Drunkenness arrest rates for adult males in Toronto decreased substantially during the period 1966 to 1987. In 1971 there was a change in legislation permitting police to take public inebriates to detoxication centers. Drunkenness rates continued to decline at a rate similar to that for the previous 3 years. The next year drunkenness arrests increased but subsequently declined at a rate which was 50% greater than that which preceded the change in legislation. Since 1973 year by year changes in the rate of male drunkenness arrests have not been consistently related to rates of police admission to detoxication centers or to total admissions to detoxication centers. The results suggest that recent trends in drunkenness arrests have been influenced by the 1971 change in legislation and the increased use of detoxication centers. However, the influence of other factors must also be considered.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999108992821

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Formal laws and regulations governing activities of state alcohol beverage control agencies in the United States were classified into 10 categories of physical availability and four categories of economic availability. These categories were subjected to similarity analysis to determine variation among states. Kruskal's stress-one measure revealed three major dimensions of alcohol control laws: forms of retail sales, administrative penalties for violations of alcohol control laws, and price restrictions. This finding suggests that the license/monopoly distinction frequently used to categorize state alcohol control systems is inadequate to characterize the variations in control systems.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999108992822

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The issues confronting adult children of alcoholics (ACOA) are well publicized but their empirical basis remains limited. The screening of 250 consecutive psychiatric admissions to a general hospital revealed a significant prevalence of ACOAs across diagnoses. Compared to the other patients, the ACOA group was younger but with no other socioeconomic difference. The diagnoses of substance abuse and phobic disorders were more frequent. The group was psychiatrically hospitalized at an earlier age. The impact of an ACOA status varied with the parental biological relation and gender, and with the premorbid antecedents of parental alcoholism.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999108992823

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

DRINKING AND DRIVING: ADVANCES IN RESEARCH AND PREVENTION R. Jean Wilson and Robert E. Mann (Editors) Guilford Press, 72 Spring Street, New York, New York 10012ADDICTION AND THE VULNERABLE SELF: MODIFIED DYNAMIC GROUP THERAPY FOR SUBSTANCE ABUSERS Edward J. Khantzian, Kurt S. Halliday, and William McAuliffe Guilford Press, 72 Spring Street, New York, New York 10012STRATEGIES FOR EMPLOYEE ASSISTANT PROGRAMS: THE CRUCIAL BALANCE William J. Sonnenstuhl and Harrison M. Trice ILR Press, New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14851PSYCHODYNAMICS OF PSYCHOTHERAPY FOR BORDERLINE PATIENTS Psychotherapy Book Club, 600 Sanders Street, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18505MANUAL OF CLINICAL EMERGENCY PSYCHIATRY James R. Hillard, MD American Psychiatric Press, 1400 K Street, NW, Suite 1101, Washington, D.C. 20005BENZODIAZEPINE DEPENDENCY/TOXICITY/ABUSE American Psychiatric Press, 1400 K Street, NW, Suite 1101, Washington, D.C. 20005SOME DAYS: ONE WOMAN'S SPIRITUAL JOURNAL Hazelden Books, Harper and Row, 151 Union Street, San Francisco, California 94111THE HEALING WAY: ADULT RECOVERY FROM CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE Kristin Kunzman Hazelden Books, Harper and Row, 151 Union Street, San Francisco, California 94111

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999108992824

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor