摘要:

Prospectively collected drug abuse trend surveillance data suggest that the rate of heroin use in Washington, D.C. is rising following a two year decline in the magnitude of this problem. Supportive data include increased potency of street level heroin, increased numbers of heroin-related deaths, increased detection of heroin positive urine specimens in the D.C. Superior Court arrestee population, increased demand for addiction treatment services and rising property crime rates. Increased prevalence of heroin use has not yet been associated with an increase in incidence, suggesting that former heroin users have begun to use once again following a period of abstinence.Analysis of heroin specimens seized across the United States suggests that cities formerly dependant upon European (white) heroin have now developed a new heroin distribution system which supplies Mexican (brown) heroin. This has offset the reduction in heroin use observed during 1972–1973 concomitant with the East Coast heroin shortage and widespread introduction of addiction treatment services.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997509002731

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997509002732

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This preliminary report of findings pertaining to the“natural history”of narcotic addiction was based on a systematic random sample of males identified as narcotic abusers by the Baltimore City Police Department over a twenty year period (1952–71) and thus differs from other studies of addiction in that it represents a community-wide population of narcotic users. The sample was stratified by year of identification as well as by race and consisted of equal numbers of blacks and whites.Personal interviews with subjects were conducted using a structured questionnaire, and a special staff was used to locate and obtain permission to interview. Of the 349 persons in the sample, 343 were located, with a substantial proportion being out-of-state. Among the 343 located, 57 were dead, two were psychotic, six were not located, and 17 refused to be interviewed. Thus, 267 of the 290 potentially interviewable subjects were actually interviewed, which represents an interview response rate of 92%.The mean age for the entire interviewed sample at time of first identification was 24.4 years, with the comparable figure for blacks being 1.8 years higher than that for whites. The mean time-interval for police identification of respondents as narcotic users after the beginning of regular use was nearly five years, but the variation surrounding this figure was high. In particular, the figure was higher for blacks than for whites, with no consistent trend over time shown for either race.The year of first regular narcotic use for the interviewed sample ranged from 1910 to 197 1. Mean age at first regular narcotics use was 20.1 years overall, with very little difference between whites and blacks in this respect.Approximately one-fourth of those interviewed were currently using narcotics, about one-fifth were in treatment, and the remainder (56.9%) reported themselves as not using narcotic drugs at the timeIt is emphasized that this paper represents only a preliminary step in the analysis and presentation of data obtained in a three-hour comprehensive interview. Future papers will examine individual and group trends since first regular use of narcotics with respect to drug taking, living arrangements, work, criminal activity, drug selling, other sources of income, and pattern of daily activities.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997509002733

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper reports on the description and outcome of one hundred youthful drug abusers referred from family court for psychiatric evaluation and treatment recommendation. The average referral, both male and female, was a 16-year-old white Catholic from a middle class background who was diagnosed as having a personality disorder. Significantly more males than females showed pathology in early childhood such as behavior problems in school and hyperactivity. Follow-up data collected up to 6 months after evaluation and treatment recommendation indicated that approximately half of the clients showed improvement in terms of work and/or school adjustment, social relations, and drug use.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997509002734

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A simulation over a five-day period allowing clinicians to become patients and apply what they experience is presented as a vehicle from which important learning can take place to help clinicians function better within clinical work environments. The simulation gave clinical trainers and trainees in the drug field mutually shared experiences that were understood and applied to real work situations through discussions, lectures, and presentations. Clinicians had the opportunity to understand how therapeutic structures affect individuals through experiencing the structures as recipients of service.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997509002735

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Peer pressure was shown to have a powerful influence on the verbally expressed drug attitudes of the undergraduate male sample. Subjects exposed to a group which consistently espoused either conservative (antidrug) or liberal (pro-drug) attitudes toward the personal use of drugs were highly likely to conform to the groups' attitudinal norms(p<0.001). Effects of natural peer groups are discussed along with recommendations for primary prevention programming and further research.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997509002736

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Among 212 former heroin users maintained on methadone, the authors identified 27% as problem drinkers. The problem drinkers were found remarkably similar to other patients on methadone in personal and treatment characteristics. They differed significantly from other patients in only three respects: the problem drinkers worked more frequently at manual labor, they had more evidence of liver disease, and they appeared more depressed. All subjects showed more depression than normal controls. This finding with evidence from other studies of depression among opioid users suggests that depression may serve as an important etiological factor in chronic opioid use.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997509002737

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In many quarters there remains a resistance to integrating research and preventive efforts relative to alcohol and other types of drugs. Alcohol and other drugs are treated as separate and distinct phenomena that have little relevance for each other. The objections to developing combined programs are typically based on what are perceived to be important differences among different types of drug-using phenomena. While it is true that the psychopharmacological effects of various substances are different, and that the societal reactions to abuse of different substances may vary, and that the legal status of alcohol and some other drugs is different and that patterns of use may be different [1], this does not mean that there is an absence of strong epidemiological similarities that might form a sound basis for more integrated approaches to efforts in the areas of research and prevention. The purpose of this paper is to examine recent epidemiological research that strongly indicates the existence of important similarities between patterns of use of alcohol and other drugs. I will contend that these similarities make a good case for combining research and programming relative to the prevention of abuse of alcohol and other drugs.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997509002738

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

We have recently observed an increase in central nervous system excitability during intoxication and alcohol withdrawal in alcoholics. Our present results demonstrate a similar phenomenon in rats. The hyper-excitability caused by ethanol withdrawal is still present subsequent to the overt behavioral symptoms of withdrawal.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997509002739

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Plasma testosterone, FSH, and LH levels were obtained from 25 healthy consecutive heterosexual male marijuana smoking university students. All values were within the range of normal and the means did not differ significantly from those of 13 normal controls. These data suggest that the casual marijuana smoker (at least one time weekly with an average of 5.1 joints per week) may have plasma testosterone levels which are normal for the time of day and the laboratory.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997509002740

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor