摘要:

In an effort to provide timely information concerning the criminal activities of narcotic addicts in three different metropolitan areas, male narcotic addicts attending methadone maintenance/detoxification centers in Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York City participated in extensive, confidential interviews conducted between May 1983 and April 1984. The information obtained focused on the amounts and types of crimes committed during the addict's longest period of active addiction to opiates, their derivatives and synthetics, as well as his first period of nonaddiction. Crimes committed were placed in one of five categories as follows: Theft, Violence, Drug Sales, Deception/Forgery, and Other. Several different measures of criminal activity were utilized, all embodying the concept of crime-days per year at risk. Such crime-days measures involve annualizing, i.e., the number of crime-days accumulated by each subject in each category during a specified time at large in the community is expressed as crime-days per year at risk by taking the ratio of crime-days to total days at large and multiplying by 365. Addicts were compared by race/ethnicity (Black, White, and Hispanic) within cities as well as by race/ethnicity across cities using one-way analysis of variance procedures. Addict crime rates were also compared for the period of active addiction and nonaddiction. Several mean differences by race/ethnicity within city, as well as by race across cities, were noted. Moreover, crime rates tended to be higher during the period of active addiction. In this sense, then, drugs may be said to“drive”crime.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998609016872

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Differences between the opioid addiction careers of 84 female and 91 male addicts were examined longitudinally. Data were collected from clients participating in methadone maintenance treatment programs between 1969 and 1972 as part of the Drug Abuse Reporting Program (DARP). Clients were interviewed prior to and during treatment, as well as 6 and 12 years after treatment. No differences between male and female addicts were found for demographic characteristics or treatment histories. Further, differences in behavioral outcomes for criminality and employment found at 12-year follow-up were shown to be a function of pretreatment differences, and were not related to differential treatment effects. Males and females did differ, however, in psychological status at 12-year follow-up, and in their reasons for quitting drug use and entering treatments. These differences, along with significantly greater financial and medical needs for females, indicate systematic long-term differences between female and male addiction careers which should be considered in prevention and treatment of opioid addiction.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998609016873

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This study estimated intellectual functioning based upon a demographic profile (DP) for Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) Full Scale IQ in order to determine its relationship with variables representing initiation, continuation, relapse, and cessation of daily opioid use. The DP Estimated IQs were used to describe a large former opioid addict sample from the 12-year follow-up study of the Drug Abuse Reporting Program (DARP). Results were compared with those from previous studies using meta-analysis. In addition, a correlational analysis was performed. Average DP Estimated IQs for the DARP sample were comparable to mean IQs for both the WAIS-R standardization sample and previous studies. DP Estimated IQ was significantly related to length of addiction career; the higher the estimated IQ, the shorter the career. Other more complex relationships were found for variables used to represent intraindividual factors such as satisfaction with self or family, interpersonal factors such as family or peer influences, and other variables of interest.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998609016874

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Cocaine use and the public's awareness of Cocaine abuse problems have escalated sharply in the past several years and yet little is known of the users direct contact with medical providers. A questionnaire was designed, mailed to 2,422 physicians in general and family practice, internal medicine, emergency medicine, and psychiatry. The results indicated that many more cocaine users were presently being seen than had been seen in the same month in the previous year. Most of the cocaine patients were seen by psychiatrists, and contrary to popular myth, only a small percentage had high incomes. Most were young male, polydrug users who had been using for more than several months. Few seemed to want treatment. The responding physicians who saw cocaine patients almost always commented on how they managed such patients. Physician involvement varied from almost none (drug use was seen as incidental) to brief advice, referral, or direct treatment. Physician's comments provide a mirror of problems and feelings surrounding this patient population. Contrasts and similarities with hotline data are discussed. The growth of physician recognition of this problem population clearly indicates a treatment need.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998609016875

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Past studies on relationships between drug use and personality are open to criticism on theoretical and methodological grounds. Properly conducted research may show relationships that have been previously undiscovered. The present studies examined 45 carefully selected, noninstitutionalized men in four matched groups of heavy, chronic drug users and a nonuser comparison group. A variety of instruments, all of which presumably measure the propensity to seek novel and varied sensations, were administered. When used to evaluate hypotheses derived from Optimal Level of Arousal (OLA) theory, data from this study showed an association between the trait measured and drug(s) of choice among men committed to the heavy, chronic use of particular substances. However, the association was not that anticipated by OLA theory. Instead, it appeared that, among heavy, chronic users, drug preference and sensation seeking are related to extraversion and introversion. The findings were consistent with a theory of psychological individuation that was developed from thorough clinical assessment of every individual in the research program.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998609016876

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Thirty naltrexone and 30 methadone patients in outpatient opiate addiction treatment were compared on pretreatment psychosocial adjustment and on short-term outcome in terms of drug abuse and retention. Also, the relationship between pretreatment psychosocial adjustment and outcome for the total sample was assessed. The naltrexone and methadone groups were generally not significantly different in pretreatment psychosocial adjustment. The two groups differed significantly in retention, but not in drug abuse outcome. Pretreatment drug abuse was significantly related to drug abuse outcome. No aspect of pretreatment psychosocial functioning was related to retention outcome. Treatment and research implications are discussed.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998609016877

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Using data collected from convicted drunken drivers, relationships between self-reported frequency of drunkenness, frequency of drinking in seven types of drinking places, and sociodemographic characteristics are examined. Drunk drivers who are young, White, and who infrequently attend worship services are more likely than others to report a high frequency of drunkenness. Self-reported frequency of drunkenness is found to be more strongly related to drinking locations than to sociodemographic characteristics, however. The best predictors of the frequency of drunkenness are the frequency of drinking in automobiles and the frequency of drinking in bars or lounges. These relationships remain strong after the effects of sociodemographic characteristics have been controlled. The findings suggest that drunk drivers who drink in automobiles may represent an especially dangerous subgroup, and that policy makers need to give careful consideration to countermeasures designed to curtail drinking in automobiles.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998609016878

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In a 1979 national survey of drinking practices, a sizable number of respondents gave the inconsistent information that they drank more alcoholic beverages in bars and at parties than they drank overall. The percentage of respondents making such errors was too large to dismiss, and instead, it raised the possibility that the mention of specific contexts in questionnaire items produces response distortions. This suggests that caution should be used in the interpretation of survey data about drinking in specified contexts.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998609016879

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998609016880

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor