摘要:

Studies on new jail admissions conducted in 1969, 1971, and 1973 indicated a sharp decrease in heroin use among male inmates in the District of Columbia in 1973. In the jail study conducted in 1969 among 225 inmates, 45% reported to be addicted to heroin, in 1971, 47% of the 150 inmates reported to be addicted, as compared to only 22% of the 200 inmates in 1973. Only 38% of the addict-inmates in 1969 reported ever receiving treatment for their addiction, while 62% in 1971 and 64% in 1973 reported receiving treatment.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997609014280

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This study examines the relationship between employment and social disability. It is based on admission data for 296 opiate addicts who enrolled in New York Medical College's Multitrack Abstinence Program during 1974. Social disability is defined here as an attribute of the patient which may count against him or her in the job market. Employment rates are examined in the light of an index comprised of three specific disabilities: minority group status, lack of a high school degree, and presence of an arrest record. It is found that the proportion of addicts employed upon admission to the program varies inversely with the number of disabilities. Furthermore, it is found that the proportion of addicts who rely on illegal acts for their main source of income varies directly with the number of disabilities.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997609014281

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This article deals with an attempt at evaluating the success of a drug-free narcotic treatment program in New York City through a follow-up study of 300 ex-clients of the program. Two hundred ex-clients out of the 300 target population were actually interviewed. The number of months the clients had remained in the treatment program was found to be a key factor in the outcome of the program. The length of time in the program was itself highly dependent upon the client's background: the higher the pretreatment pathology the lower the chance of treatment success.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997609014282

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In an effort to illuminate etiological aspects of drug dependency, some findings from genetics are examined for meaningful connections with psychological areas, particularly with regard to the contribution of Object Relations theory. The latter is described in some detail, using methadone maintenance treatment as an illustrative context. Connections between the two areas are described which increase an understanding of the relevance of each and which raise questions about the artificiality of the usual separation of biological and psychological approaches in this area.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997609014283

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Psychedelic drug flashbacks have been a puzzling clinical phenomenon observed by clinicians. Flashbacks are defined as transient, spontaneous recurrences of the psychedelic drug effect appearing after a period of normalcy following an intoxication of psychedelics. The paper traces the evolution of the concept of flashback and gives examples of the varieties encountered. Although many drugs have been advocated for the treatment of flashback, flashbacks generally decrease in intensity and frequency with abstinence from psychedelic drugs.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997609014284

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In most areas of the medical curriculum it is far more important to teach students theapproachto problems, rather than to encourage rote learning of the specific diagnostic and therapeutic regimen indicated in every conceivable circumstance. This is especially true in the field of substance abuse, in part because there simply are no clear-cut answers which can be universally applied. Nevertheless, dogmatism has been all too common in the teaching as well as the treatment of addiction, and there is a general tendency to view the problem simplistically and to advocate a specific modality as the solution. Teaching new professionals to apply the holistic perspective of the epidemiologist will enhance the likelihood of establishing realistic program goals, and adopting a comprehensive, balanced approach.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997609014285

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A social indicator system was used to assess alcohol-related problems among American Indian people in Minnesota. Instead of counting“cases,”the method involved using“events”that were recorded by various social institutions in the course of their work. The system showed that Indian people commonly encountered alcohol-related“events”that led to death or to social institutions with a poor record of problem resolution (foster homes, jail, prison, welfare agencies). However, they infrequently appeared in psychiatric facilities with alcohol-related“events.”

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997609014286

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Self-perceptions of male and female alcoholics and the perception of them by their respective spouses were investigated in an attempt to study sex differences in alcoholics. The subjects were 20 male and 20 female hospitalized alcoholics and their spouses. Subjects were administered a modified Katz Adjustment Scale and the NIMH Mood Scale applied both to states of sobriety and intoxication. The results indicated that the female alcoholic is more likely to characterize herself and to be characterized by her spouse as guilty and depressed both in states of sobriety and intoxication than is the male alcoholic. The therapeutic implications of these and other findings are discussed.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997609014287

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Posttreatment drinking behavior and job effectiveness ratings by supervisors are compared at 6, 12, and 24 months follow-up for young (age 25 and younger) and old (age 26 and older) male alcohol abusers admitted to Naval Alcoholism Rehabilitation facilities. Follow-up results indicate that: (1) large percentage of subjects were rated effective at their work following treatment; (2) effective subjects drank significantly less than noneffective subjects; (3) young subjects tended to drink significantly more than old subjects; (4) of those rated effective at their work, young subjects drank more and abstained less than did old subjects; (5) drinking behavior and work effectiveness ratings appear to remain consistent over the three follow-up periods. Some implications and limitations of the present study are discussed.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997609014288

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The understanding of the effects of cannabinoids in human subjects has been obscured by a lack of knowledge about how the various active principles from marijuana act at the cellular level in the brain. For this reason the present study was undertaken to determine the effects of cannabinoids on the enzymes associated with the synaptic membranes. Electron micrographic analysis was performed to determine the purity of synaptic membrane preparations from rat brain, and subsequently such preparations were subjected to additions of ethanol, Tween-80, 80% glycerol, and eitherΔ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, 11-hydroxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, or cannabinol. Both sodium and potassium activated ATPase (Na+,K+-ATPase), and Mg2+—ATPase were measured as theµM orthophosphate (Pi) released per minute perµg membrane protein and these specific activities of the enzymes expressed as absolute values and as the percentage depression brought about by the cannabinoids. The ATPase specific activities are taken from the rate curve over a 30-min incubation time. Additionally, synaptic membrane acetylcholineesterase specific activity was measured by continuous rate enzyme assay. While as low as 10−7Mδ9-tetrahydrocannabinol showed appreciable decrements in both the membrane-bound ATPases, the other cannabinoids did not show such a great depression in enzyme activity. The specific activity of acetylcholinesterase, which is weakly bound to the membrane, showed only slight or no changes in activity with the various cannabinoids. It was additionally shown that the cannabinoids,Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in particular, bound to the synaptic membranes almost irreversibly in thein vitrosystem, and that the vehicle for dissolving the cannabinoids, while used as background control values when calculating the percentage decrements in enzyme specific activity, did vary the effects on the ATPase enzymes in particular. These data are discussed in relation to psychotomimetic activity of the cannabinoids.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952997609014289

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor