摘要:

AbstractAlcoholism is prevalent among psychiatric inpatients, and accurately diagnosing alcohol prob lems is a critical step in treatment planning. The authors diagnosed alcohol dependence in 35 psychiatric inpatients by blind review of interview protocols and hospital records. They then examined the frequency with which admitting and attending clinicians diagnosed alcohol abuse and dependence in these patients. Alcoholism was underdiagnosed; 24% of the clinicians' diagnoses included no alcoholism diagnosis, 39% were alcohol abuse, and only 37% were alcohol dependence. Underdiagnosis was strongly associated with the presence of a comorbid psychosis, as well as with patients' denial of alcoholism and with less severe alcoholism. The authors discuss the patient and clinician variables which may contribute to underdiagnosing alcoholism and recommend educational and administrative measures to improve clinicians' diagnostic sensitivity.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999109001597

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe relationship between psychoactive drug abuse and psychopathology is complex. There have been few systematic explorations of substance abuse in psychiatric populations since the recent epidemic of cocaine abuse. To update and further explore the relationship between psychiatric illness and substance abuse, 100 consecutively admitted patients to an inpatient psychiatry unit were administered a drug and alcohol use/abuse questionnaire. Sixty-four percent endorsed current or past problems with substance abuse and 29% met DSM-III-R criteria for substance abuse in the 30 days prior to admission. For the major diagnostic categories, there were no significant differences between groups in percentages of patients with substance abuse disorders. There was a trend (p≤. 2) toward an increased number of lifetime psychiatric hospitalizations in the substance-abusing group. Alcohol was the most common drug of choice followed by stimulants, cannabis, and sedative hypnotics. Differences in drug choices between diagnostic categories are discussed. Forty-three percent of urine drug screens obtained were positive, and of those with positive urine drug screens, 42% denied drug use upon admission. Only 40% of patients with 'current or past substance abuse problems had received treatment for their chemical dependency. In our sample, while substance abuse was very prevalent, it was underreported and unclertreated.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999109001598

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe drug abuse risk status and characteristics of pregnant adolescents (under 21 years) were evaluated at public maternal health clinics in Prince George's County, Maryland. During the project period (March 1988 to September 1989), 403 young women were interviewed. Based on those interviews, one of four risk judgments, scaled for increasing severity of risk, was assigned. Twenty percent of the sample was found to be either at high risk or current abusers of alcohol or other drugs. Risk was equally represented across both the age range (14–20 years) and marital status of the sample. but Whites were overall at significantly higher risk than Blacks (P<. 0001).Post-hoc examinationof risk correlates identified drug use in the home and past or current cigarette smoking to be strongly predictive of risk (γ=. 92). While parental drug use was the most frequently reported social environment drug influence factor, as risk status of the young women increased in severity, the parental influence factor declined and the significant-other influence factor increased. A separate sample of adult women (21 years and older) was interviewed for comparison to the youth sample.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999109001599

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractAlthough homelessness in patients with combined addictive and psychiatric illness is a common problem, little has been reported about the epidemiology of homelessness in this patient population. The authors, in a study of 100 dually diagnosed patients admitted to a large metropolitan psychiatric ho!;pital, found that a large portion of patients (N= 46) were homeless at the time of admission. Alcohol and crack/cocaine were the most frequently used drugs. Interestingly, there were no significant differences on most parameters between those who were homeless and those who were not. The authors observed that among the disadvantaged, inner-city dually diagnosed, many move in and out of the homeless state, seriously compromising their chances for recovery. Self-help treatment programs were more commonly used by homeless than domiciled patients. The homeless population may therefore be amenable to treatment in 12-step groups, as are domiciled patients.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999109001600

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractResults of routine thyroid function tests in heavy cocaine abusers at the time of treatment admission were not statistically different from normal values for our laboratory or from a similar group of other substance abuse patients in treatment. This suggests that heavy cocaine useper sedoes not affect thyroid function. Therefore, if the thyroid function tests are abnormal in a Cocaine abuser, then a true thyroid dysfunction should be considered and completely evaluated. In addition, nonspecific alterations in thyroid function tests in nonthyroidal illnesses should be kept in mind.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999109001601

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractBecause of the newness of wine coolers and their youthful appeal, questions have arisen of whether consumers have a realistic understanding of coolers' intoxication power. Questionnaires were given to 459 undergraduates to determine how accurately they could estimate the number of drinks (beer, light beer, wine, wine coolers, and whiskey) they would have to consume to become legally intoxicated. Results indicate that, although responses differ by race and gender, respondents have a poor understanding of the intoxication power of alcohol in general and of hard liquor and wine coolers in particular. Whereas liquor's intoxication power was overestimated, the intoxication power of wine coolers was underestimated relative to other types of drinks by the total sample and underestimated in absolute terms by females.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999109001602

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA survey of 989 college students was conducted to investigate risk factors—gender, family history of alcohol abuse, family history of depression and mental illness, childhood hyperac-tivity, and antisocial personality—associated with alcohol abuse. Two hundred ninety-four subjects (29%) completing the alcohol subscale of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule met lifetime DSM-III criteria for alcohol abuse. Utilizing a loglinear model, expression of childhood and early adolescent deviant behavior, family history of depression, and gender were shown to be significantly associated with alcohol abuse among students.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999109001603

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractBuprenorphine is a mixed opioid agonistlantagonist which appears to produce less physical dependence and respiratory depression than typicalμ-agonist opioids. These effects suggest its use for analgesia for drug abusers. However, buprenorphine may precipitate withdrawal from other opioids. The present case illustrates the utility of buprenorphine and describes a method to transfer a patient from aμ-agonist to buprenorphine without precipitating withdrawal or interrupting analgesia.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999109001604

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractTwo cases of intranasal benzodiazepine use are presented. The methods of preparation and administration of the powder and accounts of the pharmacological effects of the drugs used are described. The pattern of development and progress of the habit and its associated features are delineated. Snorting benzodiazepines appears to be more common than is currently appreciated, and the clinical complications and implications of this habit are discussed.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999109001605

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor