摘要:

A sample of 2,099 Black and White male daily opioid drug users admitted to drug abuse treatment programs located across the United States were followed up 5 to 6 years after admission. Follow-up interviews focused on posttreatment behavioral functioning, including drug and alcohol use, treatment reentry, criminality, and employment. The sample included Black and White males in the nationally oriented Drug Abuse Reporting Program (DARP) who were admitted to methadone maintenance (MM), therapeutic community (TC), outpatient drug-free (DF), and outpatient detoxification (DT) programs; in addition, intake-only (IO) who never returned to receive treatment in the DARP were included as a comparison group. This study examined the status of these former addicts during the year immediately before the follow-up interview. It was found that 60% of the total sample reported no opioid drug use and 78% reported no daily use. Furthermore, over one-third had no illicit drug use at all during the year, as well as no arrests or incarcerations in jail or prison. Long-term status was slightly more favorable for persons treated in DARP, MM, TC, and DF programs, compared to DT and IO clients. Limitations on the interpretations of these results and suggestions for further research are discussed.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998209002616

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Study was made of the relationship between methadone dosage policy and retention in drug abuse treatment. Responses were obtained from administrators of 113 methadone maintenance programs representing the 11 states with the largest number of maintenance programs. It was found that program policies involving the use of flexible dosages, i.e., where no single dosage policy predominated, were associated with greater retention in treatment. Programs making use of flexible strategies retained clients an average of almost 9 months longer than those programs making use of any other dosage policy. In contrast, no differences in retention were found between high, mid, and low dose programs when effort was made to control for relevant client variables. Study is suggested to explore the relationship of service delivery elements to dosage policy within methadone maintenance programs.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998209002617

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In this exploratory study, the authors first observed that Puerto Rican addicts seemed to present with values that differentiate them from their Black and White counterparts and followed up initial observations by defining and rating six cultural themes as displayed in response to a sentence completion task. Statements referring to four of these themes (the importance of the mother, machismo, the obligation to the family, and the need for respect) were made more often by a sample of Puerto Rican addicts when compared with Black and White control subjects. The clinical importance of recognizing the unique values of addicts from differing cultural groups is discussed.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998209002618

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Using Haley's concept of complementary and symmetrical relationships, we intensively studied the role relationships of 28 male heroin addicts and their spouses. These couples had no symmetrical role relationships, but had an alternating sequence of two complementary role relationships. These complementary roles sequentially alternated from a compliant child with a nurturing mother, when the wife would deny her husband's drug abuse; to a rebellious son with a policing mother, when a financial or legal crisis would force her to confront his addiction. After this crisis, the couple entered treatment in the unstable complementary roles of contrite child and policing mother. During treatment, the wife was educated and supported to confront early signs of drug abuse, thus avoiding its denial, and the couple was encouraged to develop symmetrical roles by beginning to share minor responsibilities.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998209002619

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The medical and sociological aspects of T's and Blues abuse in New Orleans were studied to determine the effect of abuse on the medical and psychological status of the individuals involved and the sociological effects on the community in general. Sociologically, the most pertinent findings were an increase in the number of (1) deaths related to the use of T's and Blues, (2) arrests and revocation of parole for possession and/or sale of Talwin, and (3) a decrease in the number of arrests for the possession and sale of heroin. In the medical and psychiatric context of this study, three distinct groups of addicts were found of which the T's and Blues users were the largest. Psychiatrically, the most pertinent observation was the high (30–35%) incidence of paranoid, violence prone life-styles seen among T's and Blues users. This finding certainly is in accord with the increased homicide rate and T's and Blues related deaths noted in other aspects of this study.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998209002620

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The attitudes of a major metropolitan police force were surveyed with regard to their beliefs about marijuana; especially, their beliefs about the effects of marijuana, the enforcement of laws for possession, and the causes for marijuana use. The results indicated that most officers felt marijuana was harmful (physically as well as psychologically) but not necessarily more so than alcohol; 31% believed that possession of small amounts (<1 oz) should be decriminalized, and 85% did not believe that current laws for possession of small amounts were being actively enforced; most officers felt that peer pressure is the main reason why people start to use it and that youthful users and their parents are not well informed about its effects. The officers' rank, educational level, and whether or not they had children were also significantly related to marijuana beliefs, suggesting important demographic factors which determine acceptance of current drug law changes.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998209002621

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Ethanol and isopropranol are found as an active ingredient in oral, parenteral, and topical (including inhalational) prescription and nonprescription drug products. Although it is primarily used because of its solvent properties to help solubilize many drugs, it also possesses several concentration-dependent pharmacological actions, including sedative, carminative, cooling, antipyretic, rubefacient, cleansing, and antiseptic properties. Concentrations of 40% or more may be found in some oral preparations, thus resulting in patients consuming a significant amount of alcohol during the course of the day. A concise compilation of nearly 500 alcohol-containing prescription and nonprescription American drug products is presented. The table, which contains the proprietary drug name, manufacturer, type and concentration of alcohol, route of administration, and prescription: nonprescription status, is intended to aid clinicians in counseling patients receiving alcohol-deterrent drugs or patients in whom alcohol should be avoided.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998209002622

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The aim of this study was to determine demographic and psychological predictors of rehospitalization in a group of 238 alcoholic patients followed 6 months after hospital discharge. The relationship of the person's perception of the treatment environment and whether treatment was completed or not was also studied in regard to readmission. At the time of admission to an inpatient Substance Abuse Treatment Unit, patients gave demographic and medical, social, and vocational histories. They also completed a battery of psychological tests which measured symptoms, mood, and motivation. One week after admission they rated their perception of the treatment unit in regards to 12 dimensions of ward atmosphere. Of the 200 patients available for follow-up, 125 completed the 30 to 50 d treatment and 75 did not. Thirty percent of the patients were readmitted within 6 months. Patients with more stable life histories in terms of employment and family back-groud were less often readmitted. Being depressed, angry, inert, and thoughtful (preoccupied) was associated with relapse. In addition, patients who had a low need to succeed at the time of admission were less prone to remain in the community. Perception of the treatment ward as more autonomous was related to longer community tenure. Whether or not treatment was completed was not associated significantly with readmission. Since hospitalization is costly both socially hospitalizations who is motivated for treatment and relatively free of severe personality problems is more likely to remain in the community. However, it can be seen that not all studies have been in agreement with this profile of the nonreadmitted alcoholic patient.It was the intent of this research to determine the relationship between demographic and psychological characteristics and readmission in a group of alcoholic persons followed for 6 months after hospitalization. An additional purpose was to review the relationship between attitudes about the treatment environment and the patient's outcome. It was hypothesized that the alcoholic patients with more psychological problems and poorer attitudes toward treatment would be more likely to be readmitted.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998209002623

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Clinical evidence suggests that problem drinking among adolescent delinquents is more severe than among nondelinquents and is accompanied by greater social pathology. This investigation explored this question empirically by comparing samples of delinquent (n= 49) and nondelinquent (n= 100) adolescent male drinkers matched on age and race and controlling for community size and region of the country. Criteria for problem drinking and other measures duplicated those developed for a national probability survey of teenaged drinking practices conducted in the United States during 1974–1975. Results replicated the often-reported higher incidence of problem drinkers among delinquents than non-delinquents. More to the point, delinquent problem drinkers showed severer involvement with alcohol and drugs and more signs of social pathology than non-delinquent problem drinkers. Delinquent problem drinkers drank more, drank more frequently, reported more negative consequences from drinking in more areas, and perceived themselves as having a drinking problem more often than nondelinquent problem drinkers. These differences were not found between delinquent and nondelinquent subjects who showed no evidence of drinking problems. The results have implications for treatment and rehabilitation of juvenile offenders and for the construction of policy-relevant definitions of problem drinking in young people.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998209002624

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Although the past literature has hypothesized that alcohol consumption on the part of adolescents is influenced by the use patterns and standards of peers, parents, and community, a multivariate analysis of data from high school seniors reveals that only respondent's personal standards and number of close friends who drink exert a major influence on respondents' beer use, while the standards of other students explains an additional small part of the variance. Similarly, only friends' beer use and standards, in addition to the frequency of respondents' beer use, had significant correlations to drinking problems. Use patterns and standards of parents, as well as standards of close friends and of the adult community, had no appreciable relationship to adolescent alcohol use or problems. The greater importance of self-standards among late adolescents is consonant with theories of development of identity and autonomy.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998209002625

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor