摘要:

ABSTRACTRises in both crack cocaine use and incidence of sexually transmitted diseases have been recently reported. In this study, we investigated the relationship between crack cocaine abuse and sexual behavior in 50 psychiatric inpatients. The relationship between crack use and sexual behavior is a very complicated one. influenced by many variables such as the dose of crack used. the user's preexisting sexuality, gender, and psychiatric illness. Results indicated that while most of the subjects developed sexual disinterest and dysfunction with prolonged crack cocaine use. some of them became more sexually promiscuous and consequently contracted more sexually transmitted diseases. The implications of these findings regarding transmission of HIV among crack cocaine users are discussed.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999209026064

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis article reviews medical, obstetrical, and neonatal complications of perinatal substance abuse. The psychological and social issues commonly encountered in drug-abusing pregnant women are also discussed. Treatment considerations that take into account the complex biopsychosocial parameters are presented.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999209026065

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe relationship of age at first injection and HIV risk was explored in a nonblinded HIV seroprevalence study of intravenous drug users (IVDUs) admitted to methadone treatment in seven United States cities between February 1987 and June 1989. Comparisons were made of IVDUs who began injecting as adolescents, young adults, and adults in terms of drug use and sexual HIV risk behaviors and HIV serostatus. Early injectors consistently reported higher levels of drug-using risk behaviors (e.g., frequency of injection, frequency of needle sharing, and use of shooting galleries), and were more likely to be HIV seropositive. Among females, early injectors were also more likely to report sexual risk behaviors (e.g., multiple sex partners, prostitution). The relationship of age at first injection with selected risk behaviors and HIV serostatus was independent of subjects' age at interview, gender, and race/ethnicity. This study suggests that adolescent injectors are an important target group for HIV prevention efforts.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999209026066

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTLevels of dysphoria and opioid dependence were assessed in 54 male patients with heroin addiction applying for drug treatment. During a period of naturalistic heroin use, symptom measures of dysphoria and of spontaneous opioid withdrawal reported by these patients were highly correlated. Upon admission to treatment, levels of dysphoria and opioid withdrawal were assessed before and after a pharmacological challenge with either 0.4 mg naloxone or placebo. Signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal and symptoms of dysphoria increased in patients following naloxone, but not placebo administration. Naloxone-induced changes in symptoms of dysphoria were correlated with changes in opioid withdrawal as assessed by both subjective and objective measures. These findings suggest that dysphoric mood states in heroin addicts may be, in part, pharmacological sequalae of their drug dependence. Dysphoria due to opioid withdrawal may contribute to the initiation and maintenance of heroin use, and to the high rates of syndromal affective disorders reported in this population.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999209026067

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTTo assess the long-term effects of methadone maintenance, we compared the 10-year outcomes of 95 chronic opioid users who spent at least one cumulative year on methadone with those of 77 chronic opioid users who spent less than one cumulative year on methadone. All subjects were men and 90% were Mexican-American. The two groups were similar on 12 of 15 background variables. During the 10-year period, the methadone group had a cumulative mean of 54 months on methadone, while the comparison group had a cumulative mean of only 2 months on methadone. On social performance, as measured by months employed and months institutionalized, the methadone group did significantly better than did the comparison group. On months of voluntary abstinence, however, the comparison group did significantly better than did the methadone group. The mean of the comparison group, 36 months, was three times greater than that, 12 months, of the methadone group. At the end of the 10-year period, 26% of the comparison group but only 7% of the methadone group had been in continuous voluntary abstinence for 3 years or longer. Methadone maintenance for 1 year or longer was inversely related to abstinence during and at the end of the 10 years. This finding seems consistent with the hypothesis that methadone maintenance for 1 year or longer impedes eventual recovery from opioid dependence. For many patients, however, the benefits of prolonged maintenance could outweigh the possible cost of diminished likelihood of eventual recovery.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999209026068

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTWe reviewed nine randomized clinical trials of outpatient psychosocial treatments for drug abuse to ascertain implementation problems and solutions that the researchers developed. The most common problem was subject recruitment. Inadequate recruitment can disrupt a project's timetable, preoccupy its staff, reduce the trial's ability to detect treatment differences, and perhaps result in the trial's abandonment. The causes of recruitment problems include the need for large samples and multiple eligibility criteria, subject reluctance to be a“guinea pig,”low client treatment motivation, client dislike of research procedures, clinicians' distrust of research, and difficulties collaborating with treatment agencies. Solutions include realistic assessment of the target population's sue, use of mass media, statistical adjustments to minimize unnecessary sample exclusions, variable treatment assignment ratios, and prevention of common collaboration difficulties.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999209026069

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACT3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA;“ecstasy”) is a selective serotonin (5-HT) neurotoxin in animals. There is now preliminary evidence in humans of 5-HT deficits associated with extensive use of MDMA. In order to begin to describe the cognitive and mood effects of chronic MDMA use, nine individuals with extensive MDMA use histories were studied. Despite the absence of memory deficits on clinical examination, a pattern of mild-to-moderate impairment was observed on both the Initial and Delayed Paragraph Tests of the Wechsler Memory Scale; eight of the subjects had at least mild impairment on at least one test in the neuropsychological battery. Despite previously reported suggestive evidence of 5-HT deficit in this group, none reported depressed mood or met clinical criteria for an affective disorder at the time of testing. These preliminary findings raise concern about possible detrimental effects of MDMA use on neuropsychological function for future systematic study and they highlight important issues regarding the effects of 5-HT deficits on cognitive function and mood regulation.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999209026070

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTSubstance abuse is frequently associated with suicidal behavior. However, it is unclear to what degree substance abuse in a family member is related to suicide. In the present study, personal and family histories of substance abuse were examined in 716 psychiatric emergency room patients. Suicide attempters, suicide ideators, and nonsuicidal controls were compared across demographic, clinical, and substance abuse variables. Results showed that suicidal patients differed from nonsuicidal controls on many of the dependent variables. Suicidal patients were more likely to be depressed and report a history of previous suicidal tendencies. Also, almhol and drug abuse occurred more frequently in suicidal patients. Furthermore, a family history of alcohol abuse was reported more often by suicidal than nonsuicidal patients. These patterns of substance abuse in suicidal patients were especially prominent among older subjects. Results are discussed in terms of the implications for identifying psychiatric emergency room patients at risk for suicide.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999209026071

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe current study evaluates the extent of prior drug use and psychosocial dysfunction related to drug use among 499 jail inmates referred to the Hillsborough County Sheriffs Office Substance Abuse Treatment Program. Results indicate that inmates were involved with drugs for an average of more than 7 years, and with cocaine for almost 5 years. The majority of inmates reported extremely heavy use of drugs in the month prior to the last arrest, including 83% that had used cocaine. Many drug-dependent inmates reported a shift over time from intranasaf to freebase cocaine use. Half of all referrals indicated a pattern of regular use within a year of involvement with drugs. The need for lengthy, heavily structured, and intensive treatment approaches for drug-dependent jail inmates is underscored by a history of chronic cocaine and polydrug abuse, a compulsive pattern of drug use, few successful periods of voluntary abstinence, and severe disruption in vocational, social, and psychological functioning. Their history of infrequent and unsuccessful involvement in rehabilitation programs reflects a significant need for compulsory treatment following release from jail, community supervision to ensure compliance with treatment, and development of linkages between jail drug treatment programs, courts, and community treatment providers.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999209026072

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999209026073

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor