摘要:

The likelihood of being reported to an addict registry before and after admission to a methadone treatment program in Hong Kong was determined for all 1,908 patients who enrolled during May and June 1978. In the 6 months before enrollment, two out of every five patients had contact with at least one reporting source, and 10% of all patients had contact with a criminal justice system agency. Cohorts grouped according to retention in treatment did not differ with respect to preadmission reporting experience. Following enrollment, however, these cohorts demonstrated a very strong association between continued treatment and a decreased likelihood of contact with a reporting source: 13% of continuously active patients were reported during the 6 months after enrollment, compared to 68% of those who dropped out of treatment within 2 months; the corresponding reporting history from criminal justice system agencies was 6 and 23%, respectively. The association between retention and decreased contact with reporting agencies was observed for each age group studied.Following discharge, the cumulative likelihood of being reported rapidly approached that of patients leaving treatment earlier.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998209002628

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Client peer groups in drug abuse treatment programs can be expected to impact on the treatment of drug abusers. Thisex post factostudy explored whether similarity in demographic characteristics and drug use history within client peer groups influences treatment outcome. Subjects were 455 clients in outpatient drug-free treatment. Four aspects of similarity were assessed-age, drug use history, race/ethnicity, and sex. Follow-up data on levels of criminality, nonopiate drug use, and opiate drug use during the first year posttreatment were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Client similarity was found to influence treatment outcome. While the findings do not warrant substantial changes in the delivery of drug abuse treatment, they suggest that peer relationships and the influence of similarity among clients should be considered in the formulation of treatment plans for individual clients.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998209002629

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The similarity between typological systems based on the MMPI and CPI was investigated in a sample of male heroin users. The typologies had faiily high classification rates (85 and 75%, respectively) and evidenced relationships that seem consistent with psychological theory. Methods of using the two inventories and the respective typological systems in tandem were suggested, and the possibility of predicting the configural patterns of one inventory from those of the other was explored.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998209002630

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The current federal narcotic detoxification policy, limiting such treatment to 21 d, is analyzed with respect to its impact on the success rate for complete withdrawal. Data are drawn from an historical review of American Medical Association statements on narcotic addiction and a review of empirical data on short- and long-term detoxification. The 3-week limit is shown to interfere with achieving successful detoxification rates, although it continues to guide federal detoxification policy. Empirical evidence supports long-term detoxification that recognizes other factors as also having a therapeutic effect. It is time to revise the current federal policy to more accurately reflect the progress made in long-term care.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998209002631

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Multiple data sources were used to evaluate the validity of 31 drug abusers' self-reports of recent drug use as well as related behaviors occurring 1 year before and 1 year immediately after admission to a drug-free therapeutic community. Interviews were conducted by individuals not associated with the program. At the initial interview subjects provided a breath test for alcohol and a urine sample to test for other recent drug use. Subjects also signed releases of information so that official records could be checked both before and after admission to treatment to document any hospitalizations, arrests, drug treatment facility stays, and driver's license suspensions or revocations. These multiple data checks showed that drug abusers' self-reports of recent alcohol and drug use and of arrests and hospitalizations over a 2-year period are sufficiently valid for use in treatment outcome research. When differences occurred, it was usually due to subjects reporting more events than appeared on the records.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998209002632

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Two different forms of an assertiveness training program were designed for use in an inpatient ward at a VA hospital. Alcoholic subjects were pretested on self-report, behavioral and unobtrusive measures of assertiveness, and randomly assigned to one of three conditions: rehearsal group, modeling group, or discussion control group. Six 1-h group assertiveness training sessions were held over a 2-week period. On completion of the assertiveness training, trained subjects scored significantly higher on the measures of assertiveness than did controls; they also received more regular (vs irregular) discharges from the hospital. These alcoholic patients responded best to a treatment based on rehearsal. At a 2-month follow-up interview from date of discharge from the hospital, assertiveness trained subjects reported less drinking and more abstinent days than controls, though the differences were not statistically significant. Collateral report of subject behaviors generally agreed highly with subject report though collaterals gave slightly less favorable reports. Results were discussed in terms of the problems in conducting follow-up research and in terms of application to alcoholism treatment.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998209002633

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Two elements of alcohol availability, the frequency of packaged-liquor outlets and state monopoly of distribution, were assessed in terms of their impact on fatal single motor vehicle accidents. A cross-sectional analysis of the United States employed a multiple regression analysis which statistically controlled for average mileage driven, the degree of urbanization, and the proportion of male drivers. State monopoly of distribution was not associated with single vehicle fatalities while a significant and positive association was obtained for the frequency of outlets. A point of deminish-ing returns in single vehicle fatalities was found when the outlet density was less than one outlet per million of the drinking age population. This reversal of the relationship appears to reflect the additional driving required to make purchases in areas where outlets are sparse. The social policy implications of the findings are discussed.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998209002634

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Certain events partially associated with alcohol abuse (e.g., all hepatic cirrhosis) as well as those wholly associated with alcohol abuse (e.g., alcoholic cirrhosis) have been used to assess changes in alcoholism rates over time. In this paper, events partially associated with alcohol abuse are compared with events wholly correlated with alcohol abuse. Location and time of the study was the state of Minnesota from 1965 to 1977. Taken as a whole, the partially related events fail to show an increase in alcoholism while the wholly related events point to an increase. The literature on these alcohol-related events is reviewed, and theories for the discrepancies between partially and wholly related events are offered.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998209002635

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Liver Function Test (LFT) abnormalities are frequently observed in narcotic addicts. However, the role of alcohol in producing such changes remains unclear. In order to evaluate the effects of alcohol in producing LFT elevations as well as the use of routine LFTs to serve as biochemical markers for alcoholism in narcotic addicts, 612 addicts participating in a randomized control trial of intervention in alcoholism were studied. Baseline parameters including LFTs and history of alcohol use were obtained on entry into the study and subsequently periodically during follow-up which varied from 6 months to 2 years (mean 13.5 months). On entry to the study, 104 of 612 (17%) of addicts were classified as alcoholics. Mean values of LFTs (SGOT, SGPT, Alkaline phosphatase, GGTP) in the alcoholic cohort were significantly increased compared to those among nonalcoholics (p<0.01 to<0.001 for individual tests). Mean values of LFTs did not significantly change during methadone maintenance in either group. Although a greater proportion of alcoholic addicts had elevated LFTs, the predictive values for each test (18 to 35%) were sufficiently low to prevent them from being used as biochemical markers of alcoholism. These findings suggest that although elevations in LFTs are frequently present in narcotic addicts and are significantly greater among addicts who are also alcoholic, most elevations are not specifically due to alcohol. Conventional LFTs are therefore of limited value in assessing alcoholism among narcotic addicts.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998209002636

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The sober self-, drunk self-, and ideal self-depictions of 144 female alcoholic outpatients were obtained by means of the Q-technique. Subjects' drunk self-depictions were found to be very different from their sober self-depictions. Contrary to conventional presumptions, the composite effect of these drunkenness-associated changes was to increase the already appreciable discrepancy that existed between subjects' sober self- and ideal self-depictions. Of six interpretable dimensions of sober self-dissatisfaction obtained from the present data-(l) Subjective Distress, (2) Arrogance, (3) Impracticality, (4) Negative Self-Regard, (5) Lack of Interpersonal Forthcoming-ness, and (6) Anomic Depression-subjects' drunk self-depictions evidenced an increase in self-dissatisfaction on all but the first.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998209002637

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor