摘要:

AbstractLaos in the period 1965–1975 provided an opportunity to study sex differences in drug and alcohol use, as influenced by ethnicity. Several psychoactive substances were locally consumed, including opium, heroin, alcohol, tobacco, betel-areca, and cannabis, Much diversity occurred among the various ethnic groups with regard to male-female use of drugs and alcohol. Trends in these use patterns suggested the existence of certain principles which govern the male-female dimension of drug use. Social changes going on in the society were reflected in choice of substance forms by younger people as compared to their elders (e.g., cigarettes vs pipes or cigars, heroin vs opium, manufactured vs village-produced alcohol). Ecological factors, which contributed to drug availability, also were powerful in determining type of drugs and patterns of use.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998809001563

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractMethamphetamine has been marketed illicitly since the 1960s. Much of the street material was illicitly synthesized. Although methamphetamine quality was variable in the past decade, it has emerged since 1978 as the only street stimulant which is likely to contain what it purports to contain. Although there is a small volume of legitimate methamphetamine still made by the pharmaceutical industry, most material analyzed by street-drug laboratories appears to have been illegitimately synthesized and not diverted. For a decade, relatively little methamphetamine was submitted to street-drug analytical labs. In recent years, although the absolute volume of methamphetamine submissions changed little, this drug made up the bulk of alleged stimulant samples submitted to such facilities because of the paucity of amphetamine submissions. Methamphetamine synthesis and use appears to constitute a small but continuing portion of the illicit drug market.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998809001564

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis study examined the relationships among demographics, personality variables, drug use, and early attrition from substance abuse treatment. Attrition was considered at two time intervals; immediately (after one visit) and after 2 months. One hundred consecutive admissions to a community drug-abuse treatment center were given the MCMI and the SCL-90R following a standard intake interview. Subjects were classified according to their primary drug of abuse, yielding 16 opiate, 16 amphetamine, 34 cocaine, and 29 marijuana abusers. ANOVA's, ANCOVA's, and chi-squares were performed to compare characteristics of the different groups. Immediate Dropouts were less likely to be court mandated than Remainers, but were not different on any other demographic or drug use variable. Remainers had higher scores than Immediate Dropouts on 7 MCMI scales. A significant interaction between drug type, symptom severity, and early attrition was found for amphetamine abusers with high levels of subjective distress as measured by the SCL-90R. These clients dropped out earlier than amphetamine abusers without elevated SCL-90R scores. Analysis also indicated that Long-Term Remainers were less likely to be employed than Dropouts. All other comparisons between these groups failed to produce significant differences. This study confirms earlier research which found a high rate of early attrition from treatment with substance-abusing clients. Results also indicate that severity of psychopathology is not key in predicting attrition; it is more the nature of the disorder that influences client dropout. It is argued that continuation in community treatment is problematic for most substances abusers, and treatment facilities should routinely employ attrition prevention procedures.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998809001565

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractWhile there is considerable literature examining the relationship between the social functioning and alcohol abuse of adults, less is known about the social resources of adolescents in relation to their drinking or that of their parents. Various sources of social support were examined among 187 male and female adolescents from alcohol-abusing and nonabusing populations. Adolescent groups were divided into those whose family history was positive for alcohol abuse and those whose family history was negative for alcohol abuse. The data indicate that teens with alcoholic parents were less likely to identify their parents as a source of support than teens from nonabusing families. Alcohol-abusing teens appear to rely on friends more, and parents less, than demographically comparable nonabusing teens. Teens with abusing parents reported less parental support and more sibling support than teens from nonabusing families. The theoretical relevance of these findings as well as the implications for both abusing adolescents and nonabusing adolescent offspring of alcoholics are discussed.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998809001566

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractLocal alcohol ordinances were studied in the state of Tennessee where 28% of the population resides in jurisdictions that forbid the sale of alcohol to the public. Local alcohol ordinances range from“dry”(total prohibition) to“wet”(sale of alcohol permitted through both liquor stores and bars). Two alcohol-related variables (type of alcohol ordinance and number of alcohol outlets per 100,000 population) and four population variables (population size, percent change, percent residing in urban areas, percent non-White) were studied in relationship to four dependent variables (mortality rates resulting from motor vehicle crashes, liver disease and cirrhosis, suicide, and homicide). The results of the analysis suggest that these alcohol availability measures do play a role, directly and indirectly, in causing some socially deleterious behaviors and conditions. However, we would point out that the correlations between our alcohol availability measures and some of the socially injurious behaviors were very weak. The analyses reveal that complex interrelationships exist between the variables studied such that no easy generalizations are warranted as to the social desirability of one type of alcohol ordinance policy over another since various population and demographic variables strongly interact with the alcohol availability measures in determining their social impact.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998809001567

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between attendance at meetings of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and follow-up status in a sample of prison inmates. Subjects (N= 102) were administered three self-report measures of alcoholism: the MAST, CAGE, and Rosett Quantity-Frequency tests. AA attendance during incarceration was recorded. One-year follow-up status, ranging from transfer to a more secure facility to discharge from the prison system, was used as an outcome indicator. Results revealed that 56% of the subjects met the criteria for alcoholism on at least one measure, and that scores on the alcoholism measures were significantly correlated with AA attendance. Thus, the most severe alcoholics were the best AA attenders. The hypothesis that greater AA attendance would predict follow-up outcome was not confirmed. However, the extent of drinking reported prior to admission (average alcohol quantity per week) was related to security status at 1-year follow-up. The greater the drinking quantity, the more likely the inmate was to be in a more secure facility. Possible explanations for the findings and the need for a longer follow-up period are discussed.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998809001568

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998809001569

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor