摘要:

The“self-help”movement, based on fundamental American values, has grown among society's“deviants”such as alcoholics and narcotic users. Its leaders have typically challenged any agency role in their organizations. The main thrust of this paper is to compare the indigenous self-help groups in Baltimore and nearby communities under Narcotics Anonymous with agency-initiated groups of former addicts. The need is seen for both efforts.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998108999121

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A 7-year followup of three male samples of 1971-1973 methadone maintenance admissions was conducted: a random sample of 100; a sample of 136 who had a minimum of 30 months remaining on civil addict parole status at the time of methadone entry; and a matched sample of 136 not on parole. Ninety percent of those not deceased were interviewed. The overall sample spent 58% of the nonincarcerated follow-up interval on methadone. This resulted in a large decline in daily heroin use and associated criminal behavior measures. The addition of parole supervision with urine testing resulted in only marginal improvements in behavior over that attributable to maintenance alone; however, the parole status did significantly reduce the length of intervals of daily heroin use both prior and subsequent to methadone entry.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998108999122

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A study was conducted to examine the impact of various role induction modalities in dealing with the problem of early dropout among substance abusing patients. Emphasis was placed on tracing the interdependency between patient misperceptions of treatment, termed level of discrepancy in treatment expectations (Level of DTE) and continuance. Results indicated that patients who were more favorably disposed to the program (low Level of DTE) were more likely to remain in care than those who were not (high Level of DTE) only if role induction was provided; in the absence of the pretreatment intervention, differences between high and low discrepant patients were virtually nonexistent. These data suggest that the real utility of role induction lies in its ability to confirm the expectations of low discrepant patients (in contrast to improving patient knowledge of therapy) while at the same time providing them with a mechanism to learn coping skills necessary for adjusting to a new program. For those classified as high discrepant patients, role induction alone was not sufficient to prevent early termination; the majority did not stay past four sessions. Implications for this group are that greater efforts should be made in responding to their concrete problems, actively engaging“significant other(s)”or providing them with an external support system in the form of a“buddy”at the point of entry, in order to forestall premature termination.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998108999123

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Relatively little is known about the efficacy of the therapeutic community as an intervention for drug abusers. The few published outcome studies vary widely in their conclusions; some claim extraordinary success while others cite much more modest results. This study reports the incidence of behavior changes (drug use, criminality, and unemployment) among 208 addicts, most of whom were White middle-class heroin users, both graduates and“splitees,”who participated in one of two California therapeutic communities. One program lasted 3 months and the other 10-12 months. Follow-up interviews conducted 11-18 months after participants left the treatment setting found only nine individuals, 4.3% of the participants, who totally abstained from drugs. There was, however, a marked decrease from preintervention incidence of drug use, crime, and unemployment. The most impressive behavior changes occurred among those who participated in the long-term program, as contrasted with the shorter one, and among those who graduated, as compared with those who withdrew before program completion.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998108999124

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Management of 50 experimental newborn infants ill with narcotic withdrawal has been carried out with the aid of an instrument developed for measuring its severity, the Neonatal Narcotic Withdrawal Index (NNWI). With its use, infants exposed to methadonein uterohave been successfully cared for with detoxification needed in less than 25% of cases and for durations of less than 2 weeks. The percentage of cases and the length of treatment is much less than is customary for infants who have been prenatally exposed to similar doses of methadone. Validity of the NNWI is shown by the statistically significant difference between the mean scores for experimental and control subjects, a high significant correlation between simultaneously measured scores by separate examiners, statistically significant correlations between subscores and total withdrawal scores for the narcotic-exposed experimental cases, and for this group, a statistically significant correlation between scores of withdrawal and the maternal dose of methadone. The simplicity of the NNWI should help to make it acceptable for use by physicians.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998108999125

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Alcoholism flourishes in the community occupying single room occupancy (SRO) dwellings on Manhattan's west side. Individuals in this setting have few social resources and by reason of background and deprivation are inhibited from seeking help for their alcoholism. Consequently a direct in-person outreach approach is required in order to effect treatment. The milieu is rife with physical and psychological threats to occupants. These present unique challenges to the community alcoholism counselor who, as a member of an interdisciplinary community mental health treatment team, seeks to intervene. Counselor is viewed by client as an intruder in the environment. Breaking the isolation in which the client is immersed and developing a bond with him becomes the most immediate and most difficult of the several tasks facing the counselor.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998108999126

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Using 54 outpatient male court-referred alcohol abusers as subjects, this study investigated the effects of three different interview factors-interview setting (group vs individual), method of interview administration (self vs other), and question type (alcohol vs nonalcohol vs demographic)-on the validity of alcohol abusers' self-reports of verifiable life events. Overall, subjects gave relatively valid self-reports, and when answers were invalid they were more often overreported than underreported. Of the three question types, demographic questions were answered the most validly. The validity of subjects' answers was not differentially affected by whether they answered the questions themselves or were interviewed by an experimenter. While subjects who were interviewed individually gave significantly more valid responses to questions than subjects interviewed in a group setting, the difference (5%) was not great. Given that the overall validity rate was quite high for both groups, consideration must be given to whether it is worth the added time of interviewing subjects individually as compared to interviewing subjects in groups and settling for a slightly lower rate of validity.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998108999127

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

There have been few attempts to study the relationship between adult drinking patterns and prealcoholic personality traits in women. The present study compares personality traits during adolescence of 30 alcoholic women with those of their nonalcoholic biological sisters. The picture of the prealcoholic adolescent which emerges is one of an insecure, withdrawn, moody, self-indulgent girl who is nonetheless basically competent. She lacks those traits (found in her nonalcoholic sister) which are considered culturally to be stereotypically“feminine.”Adolescent personality traits which differentiate between alcoholics and their sisters in the present study merit attention in future studies.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998108999128

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The use and abuse of other drugs by Los Angeles County probationers who use diazepam or cocaine has been studied. The results indicate that although diazepam is frequently used alone, it is more often used in combination with other drugs, particularly phencyclidine, opiates, and methadone. The results also indicate that most cocaine users do not use other drugs in combination with their cocaine, but when another drug is used it is most likely phencyclidine, an opiate, or a sedative hypnotic.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998108999129

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998108999130

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor