摘要:

Objective:To assess the effect of use (washing and wearing) on the photoprotection provided by a cotton fabric.Methods:Twenty jersey‐knit pure cotton T‐shirts were worn for 4–8 hours per week and washed weekly for 10 weeks. Fabric samples taken before and after use were compared.Main outcome measures: Fabric ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) was calculated from spectrophotometric ultraviolet radiation transmission data. Changes in fabric structure and hole size were determined for samples from one T‐shirt by light microscopy and image analysis.Results:UPF increased consistently and significantly after use, from a mean of 19.0 to 40.6. A corresponding reduction in fabric hole area was seen under the light microscope and confirmed on image analysis (from 8.0% to 3.9% of total image area).Conclusion:UPF of pure cotton garments may improve after use, at least in the short term. The increase is mostly accounted for by reduction in fabric hole area due to shrinkage.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb139972.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb139973.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb139974.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Background:Although a causal association between mesothelioma and occupational exposure to asbestos is beyond dispute, nearly all population‐based studies of mesothelioma have found some proportion of cases with no history of asbestos exposure.Data:Incidences of mesothelioma in men and women not occupationally exposed to asbestos for the period 1980–1985 were generated from: (i) estimates of occupational exposure to asbestos in the general male population, obtained from population‐based controls in a case–control study of incident cancer in South Australia; and (ii) National Mesothelioma Surveillance Program data. The incidence in men not occupationally exposed was 8.5 per 1000000 person‐years, compared with 2.6 per 1000000 person‐years in women, a difference of 5.9 per 1000000 person‐years (90% confidence interval, 4.8–7.2).Conclusion:Mesothelioma without a history of asbestos exposure may be caused by asbestos in the general environment, but this fails to explain why such cases occur more commonly in men. Alternative explanations include the existence of another independent cause of mesothelioma, or of a co‐factor which, combined with “environmental” levels of asbestos exposure, constitutes a sufficient cause. Such a risk factor is likely to be occupational, in which case mesothelioma may be expected to occur even after occupational asbestos exposures have been eliminated.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb139975.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb139976.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb139977.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb139979.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Postural hypotension is a common and important problem in elderly patients and necessitates a careful review of medication and lifestyle factors which may precipitate it. Drugs to be avoided if possible include diuretics, α‐adrenoceptor blocking agents and nitrates. Drugs which may be useful in general practice include low‐dose fludrocortisone, ephedrine and caffeine.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb139980.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb139981.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb139984.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY