摘要:

Selective quotation in the popular press of studies showing a potential association between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and breast cancer has fuelled women's concern. However, the increase in detected breast cancer among long term HRT users that was seen in some studies is cpmpatible with surveillance bias and confounding caused by increased risk factors among HRT users (e.g., higher socioeconomic class, alcohol intake and body mass index). Until adequate data are available from randomised controlled trials, the evidence‐based conclusion is that HRT has no effect on breast cancer rates. HRT may reduce mortality and morbidity from other diseases and the overall risk‐benefit ratio should be considered for each woman.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb124697.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Second National Mental Health Report was released in June 1995 and documents progress in the 1993‐94 financial year in implementing the five‐year National Mental Health Plan. Expenditure on mental health rose by 4.1% and on community mental health services by 9.2%. State and Territory funding for non‐government mental health services rose by 18% and more resources for those with disability were made available to those with psychiatric disability. The number of occupied‐bed‐days in standalone psychiatric hospitals fell by 10%. While the report shows that Australia has moved generally in the agreed direction, considerable work remains to be done in this historically neglected area.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb124698.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

About 20%‐30% of patients with AIDS will develop cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis when they are severely immunodeficient (CD4 cell count below 40 cellslµL). It causes extensive retinal damage with visual deficits, and relapses are frequent. Intravenous ganciclovir and foscarnet are standard therapy, but their high toxicity and long term intravenous access mean that advances in treatment, including oral prophylactic agents, intravitreal injections and surgical implants, may provide a better quality of life for patients. Prophylactic ophthalmological screening of patients with CD4 cell counts below 100 cells/µL to detect asymptomatic retinitis is needed.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb124699.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb124700.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Distinguishing between early breast cancer and benign conditions, which are much more common, can be difficult. Careful clinical examination and directed imaging, supported by fine needle aspiration cytology, provide a high level of diagnostic accuracy.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb124701.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb124702.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb124707.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb124710.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY