ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133295.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133296.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133297.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A review of 107 footballers who suffered a spinal‐eord injury between 1960 and 1985 has been undertaken. Since 1977, the number of such injuries in Rugby Union, Rugby League and Australian Rules has increased, from an average of about two injuries a year before 1977 to over eight injuries a year since then. Rugby Union is clearly the most dangerous game, particularly for schoolboys; all of the injuries in schoolboy games for this code have occurred since 1977. This study has shown that collision at scrum engagement, and not at scrum collapse, is the way in which the majority of serum injuries are sustained. These injuries are largely preventable, and suggestions for rule changes are made. Half the injured players recovered to Frankel grades D or E. The financial entitlements of those injured were grossly inadequate; this warrants action. A national register for spinal‐eord injuriesfrom football should beestablished to monitor the effects of desirable rule changes in Rugby Union and Rugby League.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133298.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

For 18 years (1969‐1986) a casualty station has been operating during all Saturday interschool Rugby matches at a private school. Since its inception, both the diagnosis and the early management have been documented for every injury that presented to this station. Over this period, 1444 boys have been seen, of whom 116 sustained injuries that were classified as being severe; of these, only two injuries — a skull fracture and a fracture‐dislocation of the cervical spine — were regarded as clinically serious. Over all, the injury rate was 176/10 000 player‐hours, or 1.56/100 player‐games; the rate of severe injury was 14/10 000 player‐hours, or 0.12/100 player‐games. Injury rates were highest in older boys and in those who were in the most advanced grades of play. Fullbacks experienced the most injuries; otherwise, little variation occurred in injury rates by player position. No consistent trend in injury rates was observed over the period

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133299.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Seven hundred and one 10‐ to 13‐year‐old schoolchildren from 20 schools in the Hunter region of New South Wales were asked questions about the future. The questionnaire, which was in two main sections, commenced with general, open‐ended questions about the children's expectations, hopes and wishes. It then moved to more specific questions which were designed to assess the children's current level of knowledge about nuclear war. In the unprompted section, 56% of the children mentioned war as one of their concerns, while 33% wrote specifically of nuclear war. In answer to specific questions, the majority (97%) of children reported being aware of the issues of nuclear armaments and nuclear war. Sixty‐eight per cent of children considered that nuclear war will or might occur; 31% felt that this would be within their own lifetimes. Most of the children reported the mass media to be their source of information on these issues; very few had heard about them from family or friends. The results challenge a commonly expressed belief that children of this age are not aware of the nuclear arms situation. Awareness of this issue and its implications, which is coupled with a lack of opportunities for discussion, may be detrimental to the well‐being of children.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133300.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We report percentile values for the food‐energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate intake of children aged three months to eight years, and for the intake of selected essential minerals and vitamins of children aged four to eight years. The subjects comprised a cohort which had been studied prospectively since birth to the age of eight years. The data were collected by a weighed food record technique, which used for analysis the DIARYAN food data bank, at the ages of four, six and eight years, and by a dietary diary which was supplemented by a 48‐hour parental recall during infancy and at the age of two years. Comparisons with previous studies show that food‐energy intake now is approximately 10% less throughout childhood than in previous decades, and that this is accounted for by a decrease in the intake of fat. The intake of essential minerals and vitamins is similar to that of previous decades. As no large reference data are yet available for Australian children, these charts may be useful for child‐health workers in the day‐to‐day assessment of children's intake and in counselling and teaching parents.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133301.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133302.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133303.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133304.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY