ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb120590.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb120591.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb120592.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb120593.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The delivery of very‐low‐birthweight infants is one of the major problems in human reproduction today. This study describes the principal obstetric and medical complications which led to the birth of 417 infants of 500‐g to 1499‐g birthweight, at the tertiary‐level perinatal centre in Western Australia during the two years 1980 and 1985. An altered pattern of obstetric management of these cases was observed in 1985 compared to the management in 1980. In 1985, fewer deliveries were a result of spontaneous labour; tocolytic agents had been used in a smaller proportion of pregnancies; more infants were delivered by caesarean section without a preceding labour; and the still‐birth rate was lower. Uncomplicated preterm labour was not the major cause of birth of very‐low‐birthweight infants. The most common factors that precipitated the delivery of very‐low‐birthweight infants were preterm premature rupture of the membranes (30% of cases), severe hypertension (19% of cases), antepartum haemorrhage (17% of cases) and preterm labour (17% of cases). Very low birthweight has a multifactorial aetiology, and its prevention will require a multidisciplinary approach.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb120594.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A population‐based survey of mortality in extremely‐low‐birthweight (500‐ to 999‐g) infants was carried out in Victoria for the years 1982 to 1985. No increase in the number of extremely‐preterm births occurred during that time. The still‐birth rate fell from 498 still births per 1000 births in 19821983 to 403 still births per 1000 births in 1984–1985. The neonatal mortality in 1982–1985 was 638 deaths per 1000 live births, with no significant decline from that of the 1978–1981 cohort. The small increase in neonatal survivors was not associated with any change in the postneonatal death rate. Delivery in a level‐3 unit was associated with a significantly better outcome. Multiple births made a major contribution to the extremely‐low‐birthweight group of infants.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb120595.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Thirteen patients who have suffered a “near‐miss” death of asthma have been compared to 36 patients with asthma who had not experienced such an episode. Contrary to expectations, there were no differences between the groups in their levels of psychiatric morbidity, their degree of life‐style and social restrictions or in their levels of compliance with prescribed medication. However, both groups did show higher than expected levels of psychiatric morbidity, severe life‐style and social restrictions and an unexpectedly‐high compliance with prescribed medication. The main psychiatric diagnoses that were noted were anxiety disorders. It is concluded that more comprehensive asthma education and close medical follow‐up are likely to improve the physical and psychological health of asthmatic patients. The high‐risk patients in this study who received such follow‐up have shown hospital‐admission rates that have been reduced by a half while maintaining good asthma control. This South Australian longitudinal study is continuing.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb120596.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A comprehensive self‐report questionnaire that covered many aspects of adolescents' lives was administered to 1270 students in Years 7, 10 and 11 who attended seven State high schools in Sydney. The prevalences of unhealthy and acting‐out behaviours increased significantly between the ages of 12 and 15 years (Years 7 and 10) and then levelled out. By the age of 15 years, 15% of adolescents were drinking alcohol at least three times a week; 30% of adolescents smoked cigarettes; 15% of adolescents had used marijuana in the past week; and 18% of adolescents had had previous sexual experience. Nine per cent of all adolescents often felt “so down or low that life has lost its meaning”. The quality of the family relationship was found to be associated closely with the presence or absence of adolescent depression and unhealthy or acting‐out behaviours. Where the family relationship was not close or loving, the prevalence of depression was three times as high and the prevalences of alcohol, cigarette and marijuana use and early sexual activity were about twice as high as among adolescents who perceived that their families were close and loving. The majority of adolescents with poor family relationships felt that their parents could do more to help them. Help in the form of more understanding, support, trust, time, interest and freedom was wanted much more frequently than was help in the form of material items such as pocket‐money. Parental divorce or separation and having a mother who was working full‐time were also associated with a perceived lack of family closeness and love. The implications of these findings for the prevention of the establishment of health‐threatening behavioural patterns and suicide among adolescents are discussed.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb120597.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb120598.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb120599.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY