ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb138656.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The obviousness of extreme medical abuses should not lull us into failing to reflect upon the confusions and moral ambiguities of our daily medical practice

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb138657.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb138658.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb138659.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A more complete knowledge of the causes of childhood leukaemia is essential before progressing from association to causation

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb138660.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ObjectiveTo determine whether there is an increased cancer incidence and mortality in populations exposed to radiofrequency radiations from TV towers.DesignAn ecological study comparing cancer incidence and mortality, 1972‐1990, in nine municipalities, three of which surround the TV towers and six of which are further away from the towers. (TV radiofrequency radiation decreases with the square of the distance from the source.) Cancer incidence and mortality data were obtained from the then Commonwealth Department of Human Services and Health. Data on frequency, power, and period of broadcasting for the three TV towers were obtained from the Commonwealth Department of Communications and the Arts. The calculated power density of the radiofrequency radiation in the exposed area ranged from 8.0 pW/cm2near the towers to 0.2 pW/cm2at a radius of 4 km and 0.02 pW/cm2at 12 km.SettingNorthern Sydney, where three TV towers have been broadcasting since 1956.Outcome measuresRate ratios for leukaemia and brain tumour incidence and mortality, comparing the inner with the outer areas.ResultsFor all ages, the rate ratio for total leukaemia incidence was 1.24 (95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.09‐1.40). Among children, the rate ratio for leukaemia incidence was 1.58 (95% Cl, 1.07‐2.34) and for mortality it was 2.32 (95% Cl, 1.35–4.01). The rate ratio for childhood lymphatic leukaemia (the most common type) was 1.55 (95% Cl, 1.00–2.41) for incidence and 2.74 (95% Cl, 1.42–5.27) for mortality. Brain cancer incidence and mortality were not increased.ConclusionWe found an association between increased childhood leukaemia incidence and mortality and proximity to TV towers.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb138661.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Personal motorised watercraft (often referred to as jet skis) are an enjoyable leisure activity on the nation's waterways. However, there have been several serious accidents, and licensing requirements are deficient. Inconsistent reporting of accidents has hindered investigations into the causes. We describe six recent cases and the factors that may have contributed to accidents, and suggest ways to reduce the hazards associated with the sport.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb138662.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb138663.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ObjectiveTo determine the extent and source of a community outbreak of cryptosporidiosis.DesignQuestionnaire‐based survey and matched case‐control study.SettingSutherland area in southern Sydney, September 1994 to January 1995.Participants70 patients reported by pathology laboratories to have stool specimens positive for Cryptosporidia, of whom 43 were surveyed; 35 were compared with age‐ and neighbourhood‐matched controls.Main outcome measuresDemographic characteristics and potential risk factors in the two weeks before onset of illness.ResultsLaboratories reported 70 cases of cryptosporidiosis between September 1994 and January 1995. We found no association between illness and foods consumed or contact with people with diarrhoea or sick animals in the two weeks before onset. Seventeen of the case group (49%) reported swimming in a particular indoor swimming pool, compared with only seven controls (20%) (odds ratio, 3.7; P=0.015). Cryptosporidial oocysts were detected in water from the swimming pool in January 1995.ConclusionsThe outbreak of cryptosporidiosis was probably associated with ingestion of water from the indoor swimming pool, presumably contaminated by infected bathers.RecommendationsAs it is difficult to eradicate Cryptosporidia from swimming pools by either disinfection or filtration, we recommend that: • People with recent diarrhoea should avoid public swimming pools; and • Non‐toilet‐trained and faecally incontinent swimmers should be provided with alternative swimming facilities with separate water and filtration systems. To enable appropriate public health responses: • Doctors and pathology laboratories should consider cryptosporidiosis in patients with diarrhoea lasting longer than three days; and • Laboratory reporting of Cryptosporidia to local health departments should be mandatory in all States and Territories.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb138664.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Palaeopathology is the study of disease in antiquity. Doctor Christopher Browne has spent several years studying skeletal material recovered from an archaeological site in Jordan to gain insight into the evolution of rheumatic and bone diseases.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb138665.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY