ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb94180.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb94181.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb94182.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The preservation of microorganisms (especially viruses) in liquid nitrogen means that without adherence to proper infection control common cryotherapeutic procedures are an infection risk

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb94183.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Good national health information is essential for effective planning and management of the national health system

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb94184.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAim:To determine if an adverse relationship exists between passive smoking and respiratory function in very low birthweight (VLBW) children at 11 years of age.Setting:The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne.Patients:154 consecutive surviving children of less than 1501 g birthweight born during the 18 months from 1 October 1980.Methods:Respiratory function of 120 of the 154 children (77.9%) at 11 years of age was measured. Exposure to passive smoking was established by history; no children were known to be actively smoking. The relationships between various respiratory function variables and the estimated number of cigarettes smoked by household members per day were analysed by linear regression.Results:Most respiratory function variables reflecting airflow were significantly diminished with increasing exposure to passive smoking. In addition, variables indicative of air‐trapping rose significantly with increasing exposure to passive smoking.Conclusions:Passive smoking is associated with adverse respiratory function in surviving VLBW children at 11 years of age. Continued exposure to passive smoking, or active smoking, beyond 11 years may lead to further deterioration in respiratory function in these children.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb94185.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractObjectives:1. To determine the annual rate of interval squamous cancer of the cervix after a negative Papanicolaou smear report.2. To evaluate the proportion of women with cervical cancer who received negative cervical smear reports during the three years before the cancer diagnosis.Design and setting:Objective 1. A prospective study of the incidence of squamous cervical cancer from 1990 to 1993 among women who received negative cervical smear results in Victoria in 1990.Objective 2. A retrospective audit of preceding cervical smear results from 1990 to 1993 in women diagnosed with cervical cancer in Victoria in 1993.Results:The average interval cervical cancer rate was 2.54 squamous cancers per 100 000 women per year (95% confidence interval, 1.75–3.67) during the first three years after a negative smear report. The interval cancer rate did not vary by age group nor by the endocervical status of the negative smear report. Of the 233 cases of cervical cancer diagnosed during 1993, 56 women (24%) had negative cervical cytology reported during the preceding three years. The frequency of preceding negative cervical cytology was greater for non‐squamous cancer (22 women [33%] from 66 cases) than for squamous cancer (34 women [20%]from 167 cases).Conclusion:The rate of interval cancer diagnosis is very low compared with expected rates in the absence of screening, indicating the effectiveness of the cervical screening program in Victoria.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb94186.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractObjective:To estimate the number of children under five years of age hospitalised for rotavirus gastroenteritis in New South Wales.Design:Retrospective survey with comparison of patterns of hospital admissions for acute gastroenteritis in children under five with laboratory reports of rotavirus infection.Setting:New South Wales, January 1991 – December 1993.Outcome measures:Laboratory reports of rotavirus infection to the Eastern Sydney Laboratory Surveillance Program (a voluntary laboratory reporting scheme) and hospital admissions of children under five with principal diagnosis classified underInternational classification of diseases, 9th revision, clinical modification(ICD‐9‐CM) codes 008.6, 008.8, 009.0–009.3 and 558.9 from NSW Inpatient Statistics Collection.Results:Rotavirus infections were reported throughout each year (mean, 57 reports per month), with incidence peaks in August or September. Admissions for gastroenteritis showed the same seasonal pattern (correlation coefficient, 0.93). About 3700 children under five were admitted for rotavirus gastroenteritis annually in NSW at an estimated annual cost of 4.6 million dollars. Annual rates were highest for children aged 12–23 months (1800 per 100000 population in age group), intermediate for those aged 0–11 and 24–35 months (810 and 1000 per 100000 in age group, respectively) and lowest for those aged 36–47 and 48–59 months (450 and 190 per 100 000 population, respectively, in age group).Conclusions:Rotavirus is a major cause of morbidity among young children in NSW. Routine infant vaccination against rotavirus could reduce this morbidity and the resulting health costs.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb94187.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractObjective:To determine whether a solution of bupivacaine (Marcain [Astra]), adrenaline and cocaine (MAC) is as safe and effective as tetracaine, adrenaline and cocaine (TAC) as topical anaesthesia for wound suturing.Design:Double‐blind, randomised, prospective trial.Setting:Emergency departments of two tertiary referral hospitals (one specialising in paediatric care) in Adelaide, South Australia, between February 1992 and April 1994.Participants:181 patients, aged six or older, with simple dermal lacerations less than 5 mm deep, not involving mucous membranes or areas with end‐arterial blood supply.Interventions:Patients received a weight‐adjusted dose of either MAC or TAC.Outcome measures:Needle‐prick testing of wound for pain before suturing, pain ratings by patients and physicians during suturing, signs and symptoms of cocaine toxicity, wound complications and patient preference for topical anaesthesia.Results:Topical anaesthesia was adequate for suturing in 73% of patients (83% of those with head wounds and 56% of those with extremity wounds). MAC and TAC did not differ significantly in efficacy overall or by wound location. Pain ratings from patients treated with MAC and TAC were comparable, as was patient acceptance of topical anaesthesia (77%, MAC; 81%, TAC) and the incidence of adverse effects (4% infection rate overall).Conclusions:Topical anaesthesia is a safe and effective means of anaesthetising selected lacerations for suturing. As we found no significant differences in either the efficacy or safety of the two solutions, we believe that MAC can be substituted for the less readily available TAC whenever expedient.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb94188.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb94190.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY