摘要:

What twist is it in man's devious make‐up that makes him round on the seemingly more wholesome and pleasurable aspects of his environment and suspect them of being causes of his misfortunes? Whatever it is, stimulants of all kinds (and especially coffee and caffeine) maintain a position high on the list for suspicion despite a continuing lack of real evidence of any hazard to health.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb112801.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb112802.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb112803.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Resuscitation report‐forms of the Surf Life‐Saving Association of Australia, for the period 1973–;1983, were analysed. During this period there were 262 immersion victims at beaches that were patrolled by life‐savers. Of these, 162 victims survived, some of whom received expired‐air resuscitation (n= 61) or cardiopulmonary resuscitation (n= 29). Among those who drowned, none was younger than five years of age. Vomiting and regurgitation were major problems during resuscitation. Respiratory and cardiopulmonary arrest occurred after apparently‐successful rescue; this highlights the necessity for the close observation of victims and the early administration of oxygen to all immersion victims. Resuscitation in deep water has been shown to be effective, and instruction in these techniques is now standard teaching within the Surf Life‐Saving Association of Australia.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb112805.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Thirty‐three cases of congenital syphilis that were seen at The Children's Hospital, Camperdown, over a 34‐year period were reviewed. Twenty‐nine cases were examples of early congenital syphilis, as the patients developed clinical features in the first two years of life, and the other four cases were examples of late congenital syphilis, with the clinical features developing between two years and nine months of age and 10 years of age. Twenty‐five patients were symptomatic at the time of admission to hospital. The most common clinical feature on the patient's presentation to hospital was a maculopapular or vesiculobullous skin eruption which occurred in 13 of the infants. Hepatic and splenic enlargement were present in 12 cases, and nine children had the “snuffles”. Five of the children died. Patient follow‐up occurred in fewer than 40% of cases and three of the children who were followed‐up suffer from developmental delay. Congenital syphilis can occur in all social groups but is most common in infants who are premature or are small for gestational age and are born to young, unmarried mothers of low socioeconomic status. The treatment of congenital syphilis is simple and effective although the patients may need to be linked with community‐health facilities to assist in their compliance with follow‐up appointments.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb112806.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The perinatal histories of 16 preterm infants with confirmed moderate‐to‐profound hearing loss were examined to determine the perinatal factors that might have been associated with their abnormal auditory development. Of the 11 factors that were examined, eight factors occurred significantly more frequently in hearing‐impaired infants when they were compared with 226 preterm infants who were cared for in the same intensive care unit in 1984. However, when the histories of the 16 infants with hearing loss were compared with those of 16 infants with normal hearing, who were matched according to gestational age, birthweight percentile and sex, there were no differences. The prevalence of aminoglycoside therapy was high in both groups of infants, but the mean duration of therapy in the infants with a hearing deficit was significantly longer (15 days compared with eight days; P 0.025). These observations suggest that younger, smaller, preterm infants with a complicated perinatal course and prolonged aminoglycoside therapy are at higher risk of auditory handicap. We recommend that the early identification of preterm infants with a hearing deficit should be achieved by recording brainstem auditory‐evoked responses just before discharge from the intensive care unit.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb112807.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Australian Aborigines develop a high frequency of type–2 diabetes mellitus when they make the transition from a traditional to an urban life‐style. Preliminary studies were conducted at an outstation in northeastern Arnhem Land where the Aborigines have been exposed to Western influence for approximately 20 years only and where they continue to follow a life‐style that is largely traditional. At the time of the study 31 persons were resident at the outstation, 20 persons were over 15 years of age (adults) and 11 persons were under 15 years of age (children). Eighteen adults and six children were tested. By standard criteria for body mass index these persons were all underweight (less than 20 kg/m2). In spite of this, they displayed no biochemical evidence of malnutrition. Their plasma fatty‐acid profiles were consistent with a low dietary fat intake and a high consumption of lean meat. Levels of linoleic acid were much lower and those of arachidonic acid were much higher than are those in persons who consume a Western diet. Fasting glucose and cholesterol concentrations were low relative to those of urbanized Aborigines and white Australians. However, their fasting insulin and triglyceride levels were inappropriately high for their very low body mass index and fasting glucose levels. The mild elevation of triglyceride and fasting insulin levels is consistent with insulin resistance and suggests that these Aborigines (in common with other Aborigines) may become susceptible to obesity and diabetes if they became urbanized further.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb112808.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The most effective therapy to prolong remission and to increase cure rates in patients with acute non‐Iymphoblastic leukaemia is uncertain, and approaches vary from one course of consolidation to two years of maintenance and intensification therapy. We report the results of brief intensive therapy with daunorubicin, cytosine arabinoside and thioguanine, and no maintenance therapy, in 72 patients with a minimum follow‐up period of two years. The complete remission rate was 67%, the median duration of remission was 11 months, and 23% of patients whose leukaemias went into remission, have remained in remission for three years and longer. These results are equivalent to those that have been reported with long‐term chemotherapy.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb112809.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb112810.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb112811.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY